Karel van Mander (1548–1606)
Karel van Mander (* May 1548 in Meulebeke ; † September 11, 1606 in Amsterdam ) was a poet, writer , painter and draftsman from West Flanders .
Life
Karel van Mander was already an apprentice to the Ghent painter and poet Lucas de Heere (1534–1584) before 1568 , after which he was a student of Pieter Vlerick (1539–1581) in the towns of Kortrijk and Doornik . In 1570, when he returned to his hometown Meulebeke, he devoted himself to the writing of plays and poetry.
He traveled to Italy in 1573 and visited Florence . In Terni he was commissioned to create a fresco of St. Bartholomew 's night, the subject of which was the death of Gaspard II de Colignys in 1572. Parts of this fresco, which has been restored and partially painted over, are still in the Palazzo Spada in Terni today . Karel van Mander met Bartholomäus Spranger in Rome ; he had a deep friendship with Gaspard Heuvick , who came from Oudenaarde .
In Basel worked van Mander in 1577 or a little later, after he moved to Krems and on to Vienna , where he together with Hans Mont working on a triumphal arch in honor of Emperor Rudolf II. Was arriving in the city in July 1577 established .
He traveled back to Meulebeke via Nuremberg , but religious tumult did not allow him and his family members, who were Mennonites , to rest, so that after a stay in Kortrijk and Bruges he finally fled to the north Dutch city of Haarlem , where he spent 20 years lived. Here he founded a painting academy together with the Dutch painter Cornelis Cornelisz in 1587 . In Haarlem, Frans Hals became a student of Karel van Mander before 1602 .
Van Mander was himself a member of the Mennonites and belonged to an old Flemish community in Harlem. However, the time of his entry into the Anabaptist-Mennonite movement is not known. The hymn book Gulden Harpe published by him was used in some of the Flemish Mennonite communities at the end of the 16th century. Van Mandel also worked as an illustrator of the Vermeulen Bible, printed in Haarlem in 1598 .
The Schilder-Boeck
In 1604 Karel van Mander wrote his best-known work, the Schilder-Boeck (“Painter's Book”), the first art-theoretical work to be published north of the Alps. The first part is a didactic poem ( Grondt der Edel vry Schilder-Const ), which is aimed at painting apprentices, but does not offer any instructions for the practice of painting, but deals with the basics of art on a high literary level.
The second part of the book contains biographies of various ancient painters and then the vitae of well-known Italian painters, such as Giotto di Bondone , Sandro Botticelli or Andrea Mantegna . This is followed by biographies of well-known Dutch and German painters ( Het Leven der Doorluchtighe Nederlandtsche en Hooghduytsche Schilders ) such as those of Geertgen tot Sint Jans , Rogier van der Weyden , Lucas van Leyden , Frans Floris , Bartholomäus Spranger , Albrecht Dürer and Hans Holbein the Younger . Karel van Mander was inspired for his studies by Giorgio Vasari's collection of artist biographies, the work Le Vite de 'piú eccelenti architetti, pittori et scultori italiani, da Cimabue insino a' tempi nostri . The work was published in German in 1906, a more modern reprint is available.
The third part of Schilder-Boeck contains a detailed commentary on the most important text source in Dutch painting for mythological texts, Ovid's " Metamorphoses " .
literature
- Joseph Eduard Wessely : Mander, Karel van (art historian) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 174 f.
- Rudolf Hoecker : The didactic poem of Karel van Mander: text, translation and commentary, together with appendices on Mander's historical construction and art theory , (= source studies on Dutch art history; Volume 8), Haag 1916
- Achim Stanneck: Painted entirely without a brush. Studies on the representation of the production structures of Dutch painting in the 'Schilder-Boeck' by Karel van Mander (1604) , (= European university publications, series XXVIII art history; Volume 393), Bern / Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.] 2003 ISBN 3-631-39497-7
- Jürgen Müller: Concordia Pragensis. Karel van Mander's art theory in Schilder-Boeck . Oldenbourg, Munich 1993 ISBN 3-486-56015-8
Web links
- Table of contents of Schilder-Boeck including Or.-Texts (Dutch)
- Review of Achim Stanneck's painted without a brush by Leonhard Helten (PDF file; 48 kB)
- Preview of Jürgen Müller's Concordia Pragensis on Google
- Karel van Mander at arthistoricum.net - digitized works in the themed portal "History of Art History"
- Städel
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nanne van der Zijpp : Mander, Karel van (1548-1606) . In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
- ↑ Reinhild Kauenhoven Janzen: Fine arts. In: Mennonite Lexicon . Volume 5 (MennLex 5).
- ^ Carel van Mander: The life of the Dutch and German painters (from 1400 to around 1615) (translated from the 1617 edition). 1st edition: Munich and Leipzig 1906.
- ^ Carel van Mander: The life of the Dutch and German painters (from 1400 to approx. 1615) = reprint of the 1st edition: Munich and Leipzig 1906. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 1991. ISBN 978-3-88462-080-9
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mander, Karel van |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch painter; Author of the book Schilder-Boeck |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 1548 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Meulebeke |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 11, 1606 |
| Place of death | Amsterdam |