Karol Lipiński

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Karol Józef Lipiński 1822, painting by Walenty Wańkowicz .

Karol Józef Lipiński - German Karl Lipinski - (born October 30, 1790 in Radzyń Podlaski , Poland-Lithuania ; † December 16, 1861 in Urłów near Lemberg , Austrian Empire ) was a Polish violinist , composer and opera conductor.

Life

From the age of five Karol Lipiński received his first music lessons from his father, the violinist and conductor Felix Lipiński (1765–1847). The Austrian officer Ferdinand Kremes, who was an excellent cellist, gave cello lessons to Lipiński, who was a few years his junior. Lipiński then gave concerts in which he played both violin and cello as a soloist. Among other things, he performed the cello concertos by Jacques-Michel Hurel de Lamare (1772–1823) and Bernhard Romberg . Lipiński played in the Philharmonic Concerts, called the Music Academy , conducted by his father , and was concertmaster in the Lviv Opera Orchestra, where he later received the position of conductor. His four operas were written during this time. Like Johann Strauss , he conducted with the violin in hand. At the turn of 1813/1814 he married Regina Garbaczynska, with whom he had seven children.

In 1814 he made a trip to Vienna, where Louis Spohr encouraged him to pursue a career as a violinist. In 1818 he gave several concerts in Italy, including two with Niccolò Paganini . In Piacenza they performed Rodolphe Kreutzer's concerto for two violins and orchestra and their own works. In 1835 and 1836 Lipiński went on a trip to Europe. His first stop was Leipzig, where he stayed the summer, gave concerts in the Gewandhaus and met Robert Schumann , among others . Further stops on this trip were Paris, London and Manchester. In 1837 he played for Emperor Ferdinand I in Vienna , and local music critics compared his playing with that of Paganini and Ole Bull .

After the death of Alessandro Rolla in 1837 he negotiated with the Dresden court for the position of first concertmaster, despite these negotiations he undertook another extensive concert tour that took him to Prague, Warsaw, Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Riga. On July 5, 1839, he was given the position of concert master and church music director from King Friedrich August II for a three-year probationary period.

In his Dresden years he gave concerts with many important musicians of his time, including Franz Liszt , Clara Schumann or in a trio with Robert Schumann and the cellist Friedrich Dotzauer . Schumann dedicated his piano cycle Carnaval op.9 to Lipiński in 1837 .

When Paganini died in 1840, these eight important violinists each bequeathed one of his eight violins, Lipiński received an instrument attributed to Andrea Amati . After the probationary period, Lipiński received a lifelong job and a significant raise in salary. From 1858 he was unable to meet his obligations due to paralysis in his left hand and at the beginning of 1861 he retired to his Urlów estate near Lemberg with a pension of 1000 thalers, where he died on December 16 after an asthma attack.

Lipiński was one of the excellent violinists of the first half of the 19th century, he did not introduce any technical innovations himself, but took over the playing techniques of predecessors such as Paganini or Giovanni Battista Viotti .

A violin attributed to Guarneri del Gesù bears his name, currently played by Daniel Hope .

According to an anecdote, Paganini called him “currently the second best violinist”.

Works (selection)

  • Op. 2: 3 symphonies in E flat major, C major, B flat major (Lemberg, before 1810)
  • Op. 2: Siciliano vrié for string quartet (Leipzig)
  • Op. 10: 3 caprices for solo violin dedicated to Niccoló Paganini
  • Op. 11: Variations on a theme from the opera “ Cinderella ” by Rossini for violin and orchestra
  • Op. 12: Trio in A major for 2 violins and violoncello
  • Op. 13: Rondo alla Polacca for violin, piano and orchestra in E major
  • Op. 14: 1st Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in F sharp minor
  • Op. 21: 2nd Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major
  • Op. 24: 3rd Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E minor
  • Op. 32: 4th Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in A major
  • Numerous literature for solo violin, violin and piano, string trios
  • His fantasies of opera arias for violin and piano or violin and orchestra, several operas by Rossini , Bellini , Verdi , Meyerbeer and others were popular.
  • Music for the comic opera "Landadel or argument about the wind"
  • Music for the drama "The Siege of Smolensk"

Discography (selection)

  • 1. Concerto for violin and orchestra op.14 & Rondo alla polacca op.13 & Variations de Bravoure op.22 (cpo 999 912-2)
  • 2nd concert for violin and orchestra op.21 & 3rd concert for violin and orchestra op.24 & 4th concert for violin and orchestra op.32 (cpo 999 787-2)

literature

Web links

Commons : Karol Lipiński  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lipiński's résumé on the A Violinslive website (accessed November 18, 2016)
personal data
SURNAME Lipiński, Karol
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lipiński, Karol Józef; Lipinski, Karl Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish violinist, composer and conductor
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1790
PLACE OF BIRTH Radzyń Podlaski , Poland-Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1861
Place of death Urłów near Lemberg , Austrian Empire