Prüll Monastery
The monastery Prüll was 997 as a Benedictine monastery founded and in 1484 a monastery of the Carthusian rededicated. It is located in the district of Kumpfmühl-Ziegetsdorf-Neuprüll in the urban area of the city of Regensburg in Bavaria in the diocese of Regensburg . Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the monastery was located on Bavarian territory , just under 1 km from the city walls of the imperial city of Regensburg. The monastery buildings were therefore a popular place to stay for commanders of siege armies during the Thirty Years' War during the battles for Regensburg , who had a good view of the city and the battlefield from the monastery towers.
history
The monastery consecrated to St. Vitus was founded in 997 by Bishop Gebhard I of Regensburg and his brother Rapoto as a Benedictine monastery. The monastery name was derived from the word Prüll, which meant swampy terrain. The monastery was a so-called double monastery , the monks and nuns lived in the same place, but the sub-convents were strictly separated. Because the monastery was often visited by pilgrims since 1130, they built a poor house and a xenodochium .
After the monastery continued to deteriorate in the 15th century, the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria decided to hand the monastery over to the Carthusians. The change of order took place in 1484. The members of the order separated their Klausen from each other with walls up to three meters high, each monk tended his own garden, presumably also for the cultivation of medicinal herbs. Heinrich Moiston, who acted as prior from 1506, wrote a pharmacopoeia known as Paracelsus with the title Liber medicinalis . All members of the order were only together during prayer in the monastery church.
In November 1633, after the imperial city of Regensburg was conquered by the Swedes under Field Marshal Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar during the Thirty Years' War , the monks had to leave the monastery. In the course of the reconquest of Regensburg by an imperial Bavarian army in the summer of 1634, the monastery was used as quarters by the imperial commander in chief King Ferdinand and his advisors and officers. After the fighting ended, the monks returned to the monastery, which was partially robbed by the Swedes. In the same year, General Johann von Aldringen, who was in the Bavarian service, was buried in the monastery church with an epitaph as a memorial. He died at Landshut at the end of July 1634 .
In 1803 the monastery was dissolved in the course of secularization . In 1809 Napoleon Bonaparte stayed in the monastery building because he was injured. In 1835 the Bavarian district of Upper Palatinate bought the monastery. As a result, the Royal District Insane Asylum was established in the monastery buildings in 1852 . Today there is the Regensburg District Clinic with a small museum about its history.
St. Vitus Monastery Church
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Around 1100 a Romanesque hall church was built in place of the previous Ottonian building , the first of its kind in Bavaria. The church consisted of three naves of equal size. The two slender towers are octagonal and were later erected in 1451. There is a cloister to the north of the church.
The interior is designed in the Renaissance style. The vaults and window reveals were provided with rich stucco between 1601 and 1603, which emphasize the spatial architecture. The walls in the chancel above the choir stalls are decorated with oil paintings depicting the life story of Jesus on earth, these were created by Johann Sepelius and Georg Christoph Einmart (* 1603, † 1658) , among others .
A Romanesque fresco was created around 1200 on the gallery , which can be reached by a staircase . It depicts the Annunciation scene, with precious stones once attached to the halos of the figures .
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The 12 m high altar of the church takes up almost the entire height of the nave in the width of a choir bay and dominates the choir closure. The altar was donated by the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V , designed by the Munich court sculptor Hans Krumpper and completed in 1605. In view of the neighboring Protestant imperial city of Regensburg, the altar can be seen as the answer to the Counter-Reformation , which was operated by Duke Wilhelm V, who stayed in the monastery often and for longer. The altar is still in its original location today, but no longer has its original shape. The first changes were made as early as 1641 to remove war damage. The two pillars of the main floor and the two figures in the niches were also created. A major change in the overall impression occurred after 1700, when the altar and the choir walls were connected to form a unit with the installation of connecting walls.
On the side of the church there is an extensive exhibition in which the history of the order is depicted on glass windows. Archaeological finds of handicrafts and the remains of a tiled stove are also shown.
Profaned former parish church of St. Vitus
The parish church of St. Vitus to the north of the monastery church was profaned as a result of secularization in the 19th century and converted into a residential building with a three-storey hipped roof. The history of this house, Ludwig-Thoma-Straße No. 16, can only be read from the three-sided choir that can still be seen on the east side. The source of the Vitusbach is located in the basement.
St. Vitus monastery church with gatehouse
Brunnenhof
St. Vitus monastery church with hermit clauses
Former Parish Church of St. Vitus
literature
- 1000 years of culture in Karthaus-Prüll. History and research at the gates of Regensburg. Festschrift for the anniversary of the former monastery . Pustet, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7917-1546-1 . (not viewed)
- Bruno Feldmann: Regensburg / Prüll , in: Monasticon Cartusiense , ed. by Gerhard Schlegel, James Hogg, Volume 2, Salzburg 2004, 435–441.
Web links
- Monasteries in Bavaria
- Publications on Prüll in the Opac of the Regesta Imperii
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Wegner: Moiston (Musel), Heinrich (also called Heinrich von Prüll / Brühl). In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1001.
- ↑ Peter Engerisser: A previously unknown view of the siege of Regensburg in 1634 . In: Negotiations of the historical association Regensburg . tape 148 . Verlag des Historisches Verein für Oberpfalz and Regensburg, 2008, ISSN 0342-2518 , p. 64 .
- ↑ a b History of the monastery ( memento from August 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) on donaustrudl.de
- ↑ a b Description of the monastery and the monastery church ( Memento of the original from January 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on culture east Bavaria
- ↑ Hubert Kernl: Altars of the Renaissance . In: Working Group Regensburg Autumn Symposium (ed.): “Between Gothic and Baroque” traces of the Renaissance in Regensburg . tape 26 . Dr. Peter Morsbach Verlag, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-937527-55-0 , p. 133-136 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 3.1 ″ N , 12 ° 5 ′ 18.3 ″ E