Isay department store

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North side (Am Alten Posthof) 2015
West side (Zeppelinstrasse) 2013

The former department store Isay is under monument protection standing monument in Cologne District Old Town North . The office and commercial building at Zeppelinstrasse 4-8 at the corner of Am Alten Posthof 3 was built between 1911 and 1913 based on a design by the Cologne architects Helbig & Klöckner . The client was the company Gebrüder Isay .

history

1910 to 1933

Up until 1910 the area between Neumarkt , Krebsgasse, Breite Straße and Richmodstraße was characterized in particular by military installations. This was on the one hand the military casino in the so-called Blankenheimer Hof and on the other hand the former Franciscan monastery ad Olivas on the street Am alten Posthof, used as barracks . After the acquisition of the area by the city of Cologne, the old buildings were demolished under the city planning officer Carl Rehorst and Zeppelinstrasse was laid out over this site. Commercial buildings by well-known architects were built on both sides of the new street, including Jacob Koerfer ( Schwerthof ), Hermann Eberhard Pflaume ( Olivandenhof ), Carl Moritz ( Carl Peters department store ), Emil Schreiterer & Bernhard Traugott Below ( Schreiterer & Below ; furniture store Gebrüder Schürmann), Otto Schulze-Kolbitz (Gustav Cords) and Paul Bonatz (Haus Reifenberg).

The corner property facing the street Am alten Posthof was acquired by the Isay brothers, a wholesaler in scarves, woolen and knitwear founded in 1871. This commissioned the architecture office Helbig & Klöckner with the elaboration of drafts . From the preliminary drafts, the clients selected a project that had four full floors with nine axes on Zeppelinstrasse and seven axes on Alten Posthof. The hipped roof at the top accordingly had four gables on the longer and three on the shorter side. The main entrance is still in the center of Zeppelinstrasse, the side entrance on the far left, Am Alten Posthof. The office and office building developed by architects Rolf Helbig, Albert Klöckner and Oskar Rosendahl was ready for occupancy on April 1, 1913. The management of the company Gebrüder Isay, which continued to trade as a cloth, wool and hosiery wholesaler, was at that time in the hands of Adolph, Siegfried and Alfred Isay. The address book from 1930 now lists Adolph and Alfred Isay as the owners of the Isay brothers. The company traded accordingly in jersey and hosiery. In addition to the textile wholesaler Gebrüder Isay, the property took on eleven other companies and offices at that time. In addition to Alfred Wohl's office business, these included a depository of A. Schaaffhausen'schen Bankverein as a branch of Deutsche Bank, the Cologne branch of "Ala" Werbung AG , which was still in the same building in 1938, and the corset business of the Lewandowski brothers GmbH, the manufactured goods wholesaler Ferdinand Mertznich, the silk goods wholesaler Katz & Levy, the Cologne branch of the Telefunken Gesellschaft für wireless Telegraphie mbH and offices of the Prussian land registry office Cologne III.

1933 to 1945

After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, the open trading company Gebrüder Isay was converted into Wistri Gesellschaft für deutsche Wirk- und Strickwaren GmbH . The company, which was subsequently sold below value, traded in 1938 as WISTRI Society for German Knitwear Mengel, Ritter & Co. and was represented by the personally liable partners Ludwig Mengel, Isay's former secretary and Friedrich Ritter. The Mengel & Ritter textile company that emerged from this company was taken over and dissolved by the Cologne textile goods wholesaler FW Brügelmann Söhne in the 1960s. At the end of the 1930s Brügelmann also took over the Reifenberg house opposite. In 1938, the Gebr Isay property itself housed 16 companies, firms and stores. These ranged from Ludwig Riebel's fur shop and Alfred Tureczek's hairdresser to a branch of Deutsche Bank, the commercial tailor's cooperative eGmbH, the cloth wholesaler JB Neuerbourg & Co., the Heinrich Remagen lighting shop and WISTRI to the Erich Ortloff company for office furnishings and needs. Adolph and Alfred Isay, Holland, were registered as owners of the property in 1938. The transfer of assets to the property and building at Zeppelinstrasse 4 took place in 1941 to four new owners: Ludwig Mengel, Friedrich Ritter (1/2), and 1/4 each to Franz Weiss and Erich Ortloff

After 1945

Comparatively slightly damaged during the Second World War , business operations were resumed after the roof structure was rebuilt. From 1956 to 1958 there were then serious alterations in the course of the rebuilding of the adjacent site on Krebsgasse / Schildergasse , on which the police headquarters , which had been destroyed in the war, was previously located. According to plans by Wilhelm Riphahn , a high-rise building was built on Schildergasse and the theater garage in the back room. As part of this urban redesign - in the vicinity of the new opera - the commercial building , now also known as the Ortloff House , was extended by an axis to the east, the interior was rebuilt, increased by one storey and the attic was expanded. Viewed from Zeppelinstrasse and Am Alten Posthof, the building is now five-story, while on the courtyard side it is seven-story. The widow Erich Ortloffs, Gertraud, L. Mengel and Mrs. H. Ritter are verifiable as owners for 1967. Seven parties also have their accommodation in the property, including six commercial ones: the men's outfitter Jos, founded in 1918. Arnemann, the master furrier Paul Schweigler, the women's fashion shop J. Wahlen, the café and pastry shop Wilhelm Strick, E. Ortloff and the Westdeutsche Rundfunk with some offices. After renewed renovations in 1982 - in addition to Erich Ortloff GmbH & Co. KG - the surveying and land registry office of the city of Cologne was located in the building until spring 1999. After moving, another renovation followed.

The Isay department store was entered in the city ​​of Cologne's list of monuments on November 9, 1984 (monument no. 2757).

Isay family

The founders of the company were the brothers Jacob Isay (born 1842 in Schweich, died 1923) and Moritz Isay (born 1851 in Schweich, died 1906 in Cologne), sons of the cattle dealer Abraham Isay and Henriette Isay, née Lieser from Schweich on the Mosel. After they left, Jacobs' sons Adolph (born May 1, 1875 in Cologne, died May 16, 1956 in Rodenkirchen) and Siegfried (1876–1939) continued the company together with Moritz's son Alfred (1885–1948).

Alfred Isay did military service and returned traumatized by a serious traffic accident. He began to work again in the textile wholesaler Gebr. Isay and in 1920 married Sofie Adelsberger, (born 1897 in Nuremberg) daughter of the Kommerzienrat Abraham Adelsberger , a toy manufacturer (Heinrich Fischer & Cie.) From Nuremberg. The couple had a daughter, Ruth Marlis, and a son, Walter.

Alfred Isay fled to Amsterdam with his family in 1933 , but Sofie Isay returned to Cologne with the children after a month. Alfred Isay initially stayed alone in Amsterdam and built up a company there again, which was also Aryanized in 1942. The family followed him in 1934 to emigrate. In 1941 Alfred Isay became a member of the Joodse Raad , which was brought into being under pressure from the German occupation authorities. In June 1942 Ruth Isay was dragged into a school building for the first time and held for days. She volunteered to sew SS uniforms in a factory and was released. In February 1943 the family was deported to the Hollandsche Schouwburg . They were able to leave the building with the help of SS-Unterscharführer Alfons Zündler. In March 1943 the family was again deported to the Schouwburg . Ludwig Mengel, a former tax officer who had worked for Isay as a secretary since 1927 and was now a partner in the former Gebr. Isay OHG, was able to get the family to return to their apartment due to his connection to Ferdinand from the Fünten . In June 1943 the family was deported to Westerbork concentration camp . On July 12th Mengel appeared and told the camp commandant Gemmeker that a bomb had fallen on the department store, that important papers had been burned and that Alfred Isay had to come to Amsterdam urgently for a meeting. Isay demanded that he take his family with him. The family used this fact to go into hiding. Different Dutch families took them in separately. Eventually they managed to survive underground. After the war, his widow and children took Dutch citizenship . The Jewish star that Alfred and Sophie Isay had worn was given to the Cologne City Museum by their lawyer in the post-war period during reparation proceedings . Alfred Isay's mother-in-law Clothilde Adelsberger survived the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp . Adolph Isay - who married the non-Jewish Theresia Liederer in London on March 3, 1907 (born December 24, 1880 in Vienna-Rudolfsheim; died September 10, 1953 in the Sankt Antonius Hospital in Cologne-Bayenthal) - survived the Third Reich in hiding in Cologne. In 1953, the engineer Franz Weiss reported the death of Theresia Isay, who now lived in the neighboring house at Moltkestrasse 1 in Rodenkirchen.

architecture

The commercial building, which is designed in Art Nouveau style, visually forms an ensemble with the Schwerthof, which is around ten years younger and adjoins the Neumarkt . The stone facade of the ground floor and the three upper floors are largely preserved in their original form. On the north side, the lettering of the original companies can still be seen.

  • West side entrance (Zeppelinstrasse)

  • Entrance north side (Am Alten Posthof)

  • Badge at the north entrance

  • Detail north side (facade lettering)

  • Facade detail on the north side

literature

  • Britta Funck: Wilhelm Riphahn. Architect in Cologne. An inventory. Published by Museum für Angewandte Kunst Köln , Buchhandlung Walther König , 2nd edition, Cologne 2013, ISBN 3-88375-881-7 , pp. 195–197.
  • Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb. (= Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 8.) 2 volumes, JP Bachem Verlag , Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7616-1147-1 , Volume 2, p. 850 f. (Rolf Helbig) and 863 (Albert Klöckner).
  • Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne and its Jewish architects. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-7616-2294-0 , pp. 349 f., 395 f.
  • Ruth Isay-Fass: The life story of Ruth and Naftali. Docostory, Raanana / Israel 2001.
  • Dieter Klein-Meynen, Henriette Meynen, Alexander Kierdorf: Cologne economic architecture . From the early days to reconstruction. Wienand Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-87909-413-6 , p. 247.
  • Elfi Pracht-Jörns : 65 A “Jewish star” worn in the Netherlands from the possession of Jewish refugees from Cologne, 1942–1944. In: Jewish worlds in the Rhineland. Annotated sources from the early modern period to the present. Böhlau, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-412-20674-1 , p. 302.
  • Hans Verbeek : The building construction activity in the old and new town from 1888 to 1918. In: Cologne. Structural development 1888–1927. Deutscher Architektur- und Industrie-Verlag DARI, Berlin 1927 (Reprint: Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-88375-965-4 ), p. 41.

Web links

Commons : Isay Department Store  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Verbeek: Building construction activity in the old and new town from 1888 to 1918.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Elfi Pracht-Jörns: Jüdische Lebenswelten in Rheinland.
  3. ^ Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne and its Jewish architects.
  4. ^ A b Address book of Cologne and the surrounding area 1913. Greven's Adressbuch-Verlag, Cologne 1913, Part II, p. 235.
  5. ^ Address book of Cologne and the surrounding area 1930. Greven's Adressbuch-Verlag, Cologne 1930, 1st volume, Part I, p. 451.
  6. ^ Address book of Cologne and the surrounding area 1930. Greven's Adressbuch-Verlag, Cologne 1930, Volume 2, Part IV, p. 731.
  7. ↑ Ludwig Mengel, a business graduate, was a member of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1962 to 1967. Source: Klara von Eyll u. a .: The history of entrepreneurial self-government in Cologne 1914–1997. Edited by the Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv zu Köln, self-published, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-933025-01-X , p. 510.
  8. ^ Greven's address book of the Hanseatic city of Cologne and the surrounding area 1938. Greven's address book publishing house, Cologne 1938, Part I, p. 1159.
  9. ^ HRA 2636 Cologne, textile company Mengel & Ritter, entered in the commercial register on May 14, 1943; Liquidation February 13, 1968, on Moneyhouse.com, accessed January 19, 2015
  10. ^ HRA 6549 Cologne, textile company Mengel & Ritter branch of the company FW Brügelmann Söhne, entered in the commercial register on February 13, 1968; Liquidation May 2, 1968, retrieved from Moneyhouse.com on January 19, 2015
  11. ↑ Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv, Section 36, holdings 2594: FW Brügelmann Sons. : "The takeover of the cash and carry dealer Mengel & Ritter did nothing to change the economic difficulties."
  12. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, inventory 495, A 381.
  13. ^ A b Greven's address book of the Hanseatic city of Cologne and the surrounding area 1938. Greven's address book publishing house, Cologne 1938, Part IV, p. 820.
  14. ^ Greven's address book of the Hanseatic city of Cologne and the surrounding area 1938. Greven's address book publishing house, Cologne 1938, Part I, p. 769.
  15. ↑ Franz Weiss also took over the villa from Adolph Isay in Cologne-Rodenkirchen, Uferstr. 30. Adolph Isay died there in 1956.
  16. ^ Robert Steimel: Cologne Heads. Steimel-Verlag, Cologne-Zollstock 1958, Sp. 303: Ortloff, Erich (born April 10, 1899 in Alkersleben / Thuringia), owner of Erich Ortloff, House for Office Organization and Office Design, Cologne, Zeppelinstrasse 4.
  17. ^ Kölnische Rundschau of April 9, 1964: Anniversary of the planned office. Erich Ortloff will be 65 years old on April 10th. Subsequently, the Erich Ortloff company moved its headquarters from Ursulaplatz - where it had been based since 1924 - to Zeppelinstrasse in 1931. In 1964, the “specialist house for office organization and office design with its own design department and manufacturing plant” had 260 employees.
  18. ^ Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland civil status archive, civil status register, registry office Cologne Lindenthal, deaths, 1965, document no. 453: Arthur Erich Felix Ortloff, born April 10, 1899 in Alkersleben ; † February 19, 1965 in Cologne-Lindenthal, last living in Cologne-Braunsfeld, second marriage since 1955 with Gertraud Minna Veronika Ortloff, b. Rother married. Ortloff's first marriage since 1926 was with the clerk Mathilde Ortloff, nee. Czieschke married (born February 1, 1905 in Cologne-Nippes; † August 19, 1953 in Cologne-Braunsfeld) Source: North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives, Rhineland civil status archive, civil status register, Cologne I registry office, deaths, 1953, document no. 3313
  19. ^ Historical archive of the city of Cologne, holdings 495, A 378 to 380
  20. ^ Britta Funck: Wilhelm Riphahn. Architect in Cologne. An inventory.
  21. ^ Greven's Cologne address book. 106th edition, Greven's Adressbuch-Verlag, Cologne 1967, Part IV, p. 847.
  22. ↑ a b c d Greven's Cologne address book. 106th edition, Greven's Adressbuch-Verlag, Cologne 1967, Part I.
  23. ↑ a b buried in the Israelite cemetery in Cologne-Bocklemünd
  24. ^ Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, civil status archive Rhineland, civil status register, registry office Cologne III, deaths, 1906, document no. 984.
  25. ^ Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, civil status archive Rhineland, civil status register, registry office Cologne, births, 1875, document no. 1862.
  26. ↑ a b c North Rhine-Westphalia State Archives, Rhineland civil status archive, civil status register, Rondorf registry office, deaths, 1956, document no. 68.
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ruth Isay-Fass: The life story of Ruth and Naftali. Docostory, Raanana / Israel 2001.
  28. ^ Dutch Schouwburg
  29. ^ Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, civil status archive Rhineland, civil status register, registry office Cologne I, deaths, 1953, document no. 3546.

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 15 ″  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 56.6 ″  E