Nanny
A nanny (also nanny or nanny ) is a domestic worker in whose custody or rarely a self-employed entrepreneur children are given a family. He is responsible for childcare , childcare , upbringing and support in school matters.
The names Muhme and Bonne for a nanny are out of date . As Bonne (French., "The Good") was designated a nanny in German-speaking, could speak the French and served as the same time as a foreign language teacher. In a number of German-speaking regions, the term Muhme was mainly used as a term for a female relative, namely an aunt or a cousin , but in some regions the term Auntie also referred to the child maid.
Current job profile
The nanny usually works directly in the family's household.
She usually works in households with several children. In addition to the educational and nursing tasks, especially for small children, household chores are often expected. The nanny usually lives in a granny flat in the family home. It is often expected that the nanny will travel with you if necessary and also take on work tasks in the evenings and on weekends. Occasionally a car is provided that can also be used privately.
The usual labor and social law provisions apply to the nanny as an employee.
There is no state-regulated professional training to become a nanny. Comparable educational or nursing training professions with a state qualification would be nanny , social assistant , social worker, educator , child nurse or pediatric nurse .
The nanny training in Bavaria was originally created to train domestic staff for rich households; in the meantime, nannies mostly work as educational support staff in day-care centers .
Activities similar to nannies are taken over by child minders , less often fathers and au pairs .
history
Historically, the employment of a nanny in a European household is inextricably linked with the development of servants in the middle-class household as a whole. In the first two decades of the 19th century, the agricultural and commercial servants were predominant in numbers. Industrialization created employment opportunities that enabled the male rural population in particular to find work outside of agriculture . At the same time, an urban educated and property bourgeoisie consisting of doctors, bankers, civil servants, pastors, professors, lawyers and entrepreneurs achieved prosperity.
Neither their housing nor their financial resources allowed this class of the bourgeoisie to accommodate and employ a multi-headed servant. Instead, it became customary to employ one or more maids to do all the household chores. Most households employed no more than one maid who did all of the heavy lifting in the household. Households with slightly higher incomes usually employed a cook as their second servant. The other servants employed depended on the family's specific situation. If there were smaller children in the house, a nanny was usually employed. In Great Britain, a distinction was made between the “nanny” and the “nursery maid”, with the “nursery maid” relieving the “nanny” of all physically heavy work. In Great Britain, with the establishment of Norland College in 1892, the nanny profession became more professional and increasingly took on the character of an educator . The training at Nordland College was based on the teachings of Friedrich Froebel and the founder of the facility urged her graduates not to share their meals with other servants.
In Great Britain they also knew the “Nursery Governesses”, a governess for the younger children. The Nursery Governesses taught both boys and girls between the ages of four and eight. Their main task was to teach them to read and write. The job of a nursery governess was clearly different from that of a nanny, but in smaller households it was not uncommon for her to help the children get dressed in the mornings. The demands on the knowledge of a "Nursery Governess" were not high, which was also reflected in the salary they were paid. Some advertisements in The Times offered Nursery Governess nothing more than board and lodging. In principle, the governess, at least in Great Britain, was assigned a higher social rank - she usually came from a middle-class family herself: the fathers of governesses were mostly merchants, doctors, officers, civil servants, lawyers and notaries as well as pastors. A governess who was employed by a family for the first time to look after children at the age of five inevitably had a conflict with the nanny, who had usually looked after the children intensively since they were born. For them the governess was an intruder, for the children the separation from their closest caregiver was often a traumatic experience. If the governess was bringing up older children, the transition was often more fluid. For this, governesses often had to see toddlers being sent to play in the room where they were trying to teach their pupils.
At the beginning of the 19th century, uniforms were not common for female servants. The difference between cheap and expensive fabrics was so obvious and the fashion requirements for appropriate clothing so elaborate that the servant and the employer were unmistakable due to their different clothing. This changed in the 1850s and 1860s when, due to industrialization, fabrics became cheaper and, at the same time, inexpensive cotton fabrics came from India to the European market. As part of this development, it also happened that nannies wore a specific uniform.
Nanny in literature
The British author Evelyn Waugh was always fascinated by families of the English nobility who remained loyal to their servants for a long time and offered them a home in old age. The bond with the former nannies is described as particularly close. In his novel Reunion with Brideshead , it is Nanny Hawkins, who still lives in old age at the Marchmain family home and to whom all four of the now grown-up children are deeply connected. A visit to the old woman is one of the children's homecoming rituals. In his satirical novel Scoop , the protagonist William Booth belongs to a now impoverished gentry family , on whose family home several former nannies of the family have retired: Nanny Blogs, who has been bedridden for 30 years and who is the wealthiest member of the household because she keeps her savings under her neck roll and increases them steadily through successful horse racing. Besides her, there are Nannie Price, who has also been bedridden for a long time, as well as Sister Watts, old Mrs. Boot's first nanny and her second nanny, Sister Sampson.
Well-known films and series with nannies
- Mary Poppins
- A lovely nanny
- The nanny
- Nanny wanted for dad , D, 1957
- The nanny
- Mrs. Doubtfire - The prickly nanny
- Was It Really Murder? OT: (The Nanny)
- The hand on the cradle
- The man who came after grandma , GDR, 1971
- Jessie (TV series)
Trivia
In the Ladies Conversations Lexicon from 1834, edited by Karl Herloßsohn , an article on Calcutta reports that Europeans have to keep a lot of service personnel . B. Going the children for a walk does not dress and undress them; this is another person's business .
literature
- Jutta Becher: nanny . Their importance as caregivers for children in middle-class families of the Second German Empire (1871–1918). Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Bern / New York / Paris / Vienna 1993. ISBN 3-631-45778-2 (also dissertation at the University of Cologne 1992).
- Erna Grauenhorst: Catechism for kindergarten teachers, nannies, nannies and mothers, how children are to be educated and kept busy using the Froebel method . A textbook of questions and answers. In: Grauenhorst's Katechismen . 7th edition. Fröbel-Oberlin-Verlag, Berlin undated [approx. 1920]. 96 pp.
- Judith Flanders: The Victorian House. Harper Perennial, London 2003, ISBN 0-00-713188-7 .
- Erna Grauenhorst: Catechism for the fine housemaid and chambermaid. In: Grauenhorst's Katechismen . Fröbel-Oberlin-Verlag, Berlin undated [approx. 1913]. 88 pp.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/A/Bonne?hl=kindermadchen
- ↑ http://www.zeno.org/Adelung-1793/A/Kindermagd,+die?hl=kindermadchen
- ↑ Gunilla Budde : The maid. In: Ute Frevert, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt: The man of the 19th century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-593-36024-1 , p. 152.
- ↑ Gunilla Budde : The maid. In: Ute Frevert, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt: The man of the 19th century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-593-36024-1 , p. 153.
- ^ Lucy Lethbridge : Servants - A Downstairs View of Twentieth-Century Britain. Bloomsbury, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-4088-3407-7 , p. 13
- ^ Lucy Lethbridge: Servants - A Downstairs View of Twentieth-Century Britain. Bloomsbury, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-4088-3407-7 . P. 39
- ↑ Kathryn Hughes: The Victorian Governess . The Hambledon Press, London 1993, ISBN 1-85285-002-7 , p. 60.
- ↑ Kathryn Hughes: The Victorian Governess . The Hambledon Press, London 1993, ISBN 1-85285-002-7 , p. 45.
- ^ Hughes: The Victorian Governess Act . 1993, p. 28.
- ↑ Hughes: The Victorian Governess . P. 63.
- ↑ Hughes: The Victorian Governess . P. 62.
- ^ J. Flanders: The Victorian House. 2003, p. 113.
- ^ Foreword by Evelyn Waugh to his novel Scoop .
- ^ Scoop, 2nd chapter of the novel, German translation by Elisabeth Schnack
- ↑ http://www.zeno.org/DamenConvLex-1834/A/Calcutta?hl=kindermadchen