Kisar (Indonesia)
| Kisar | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| Waters | Wetar Strait | |
| Archipelago | Lesser Sunda Islands | |
| Geographical location | 8 ° 3 ' S , 127 ° 11' E | |
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| length | 12.8 km | |
| width | 8.7 km | |
| surface | 81.8 km² | |
| Residents | 14,015 (2010) 171 inhabitants / km² |
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| main place | Wonreli | |
The Indonesian island of Kisar is located 30 km northeast of Timor .
geography
Kisar belongs geographically to the Lesser Sunda Islands , but politically to the Indonesian province of Maluku . According to the 2010 census, 14,015 people lived on Kisar, 6,652 of them in Wonreli, 1,852 in Lebelau and 1,011 in Oirata Timur; the other Desa each had less than 1000 inhabitants. The island is 81.8 km² in size.
On Kisar is Wonreli , the capital of the Kecamatan (district) Pulau-Pulau Terselatan , and from September 16, 2008 to November 26, 2012 the de facto capital of the district of Southwest Moluccas ( Maluku Barat Daya ). Today it is the de jure capital of the Tiakur district on Moa .
history
There are wall paintings on Kisar that are more than 2500 years old. Some of them show striking similarities to paintings on the eastern tip of Timor, such as in Ile Kére Kére ( Lautém municipality ). Other motifs can also be found on the bronze drums of the Dong Son culture from what is now Vietnam . Such drums were also found in various places in the Malay Archipelago .
In 1665 the Dutch East India Company built a military base on Kisar and integrated it into the province of Banda . The Dutch also gave the island its name. When the first Dutch officer asked the locals for the name of the island and pointed to the ground, they told him what it was written on: Kiasar - white sand. The common descendants of the European soldiers and local people, the Mestiezen van Kisar, still live today . This population group is the reason that family names such as Joostenz, Wouthyusen, Caffin, Lerrick, Peelman, Lander, Ruff, Bellmin-Belder, Coenradi, van Delsen, Schilling and Bakker are found in Kisar.
In 1795 Kisar became English , in 1803 it was part of the Batavia Republic of the Dutch Kingdom under French rule and again English in 1810. In 1817 Kisar returned to Dutch ownership. It remained so when the base was given up in 1819.
In historical times there were close relationships with the empire of Vemasse on the island of Timor ( municipality of Baucau ). They visited each other regularly, traded in gold and water buffalo and the Raja of Vonreli on Kisar paid a tribute to the Liurai of Vemasse. It was not until the end of the 19th century that the Portuguese governor of Timor, José Celestino da Silva (1894 to 1908) , stopped all contact because the Raja refused to convert from Protestantism to Catholicism. But already 15 years later the contacts were renewed when the Raja von Kisar docked with a fleet of 20 small ships on the beach of Baucau .
In 1942, Kisar , like the neighboring islands, was occupied by Japan during World War II . Residents of the island were taken to Timor by the Japanese, where they were forced to do hard labor. Kisar women had to work in a so-called “Japanese restaurant”, the Japanese soldiers' brothels , in Lautém .
In 1950 Kisar was part of the Republic of Maluku Selatan ( Republic of the South Moluccas ).
At the beginning of the 20th century, the inhabitants of Kisar were divided into different castes . The smallest group was made up of the Marna (nobility), about twenty times as many inhabitants were Wahoeroe (farmers) and three times as many inhabitants as Marna were Stam (former slaves). Probably the Wahoeroe descend from the most original population of the island.
Culture
The predominant local language is the Austronesian language Meher ( Kisar, Yotowawa ). It is spoken in 19 villages. It is similar to the Makuva language, which is almost extinct in East Timor .
Oirata , a dialect of Fataluku , is spoken in two villages in the south of Kisar . The Papuan language is otherwise mainly spoken in the east of East Timor . In 1721 refugees came from there and settled on Kisar.
fauna
The Kisar barn owl ( Tyto alba kuehni ) is a subspecies of the barn owl that only occurs on the island of Kisar. It is similar to the Indian barn owl in color, but is ocher yellow on top and has wider black spots. The underside is tinted brown and cross-banded.
transport
Since mid-2003, a Merpati Nusantara Airlines transport aircraft has offered a flight route from Kupang ( West Timor ) - Kalabahi ( Alor ) - Kisar - Ambon with a return flight the next day. However, the airline ceased operations in 2014.
Web links
- The tectonic evolution and regional significance of Kisar island, Indonesia
- Human foraging responses to climate change; Here Sorot Entapa rockshelter on Kisar Island
Individual evidence
- ↑ Penduduk Indonesia menurut desa 2010 ( Memento from March 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Indonesian; PDF; 6.0 MB), accessed on April 24, 2014
- ↑ Antara news, September 17, 2009, News feature: harmonious relations among Kisar, Timor Leste people
- ↑ Undang Undang Republic of Indonesia nomor 31 tahun 2008 tentang Pembentukan Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya Di Provinsi Maluku ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 31 of 2008 on the establishment of Southwest Maluku District in Maluku Province )
- ↑ Australian National University: Indonesian island found to be unusually rich in cave paintings , December 13, 2017 , accessed December 14, 2017.
- ↑ Dr. Ernst Rodenwaldt: The Mestizos on Kisar, Jena 1928
- ↑ History of Timor ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Lisbon Technical University , p. 75 (PDF file; 805 kB)
- ^ History of Timor, p. 123
- ↑ Donga, April 23, 2007, Testimony Shows Comfort Women Were Forcibly Sent to Brothels
- ↑ Ethnologue, Kisar
- ^ Antoinette Schapper, Juliette Huber & Aone van Engelenhoven: The historical relation of the Papuan languages of Timor and Kisar
