Gau Church St. Ulrich (Paderborn)
The Gaukirche , also Gokirche , Gokerken or Latin ecclesia rurens , parish church St. Ulrich , is a Roman Catholic church in Paderborn built around 1170/80 . The church is located on the market or cathedral square of the episcopal city opposite the High Cathedral in Paderborn .
history
The origins of the church are unclear. A documented dating is not possible. The date of origin at the end of the 12th century can only be determined on the basis of architectural style comparisons.
The church was located in the southern cathedral freedom of Paderborn and served in its predecessor building since the 10th century as the church of the "people of Paderborn ", in contrast to the bishop's church, the cathedral. In 1229 Hermann von Waldeck founded a Cistercian monastery on the property of the administrative headquarters of the prince-bishopric, the Sternberger Hof, right next to the Gaukirche , whose first nuns came from Münster . The church became a monastery church in 1231, and was confirmed a year later by Bishop Bernhard IV . Two chapels were added in the 14th century . Around 1500/15 the house became a Benedictine monastery.
During the Baroque period, Prince-Bishop Clemens August ordered a comprehensive redesign. His architect Franz Christoph Nagel (1699–1764) carried out the redesign. In 1787, the tapering tower roof was shortened to a hooded roof.
With the annexation of the Principality of Paderborn in 1802/03 by Prussia , the days of the monastery were numbered. But it was not until 1810, during the rule of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia , that the monastery was secularized .
Between 1883 and 1887 the church was extensively restored. The baroque furnishings were removed, the church "purified" and supplemented by neo-Gothic and historicizing elements. The spire was rebuilt in a shortened form. The original baroque altar was sold to the city of Münster from this “purism” in 1903 and is now in the Dominican church there . Later there were isolated attempts to get the baroque altar back. In the meantime, however, the archdiocese has given up this concern.
In 1938 most of the neo-Gothic elements were removed. In 1945 the structure of the church was destroyed by aerial bombs and rebuilt in 1947. Since then it has been the parish church of St. Ulrich.
After almost two years of renovation, the church reopened on May 6, 2018.
architecture
The Gaukirche is essentially a Romanesque church building with important elements from the Baroque period . From the market side (west) you enter the church through a baroque gate by the prince-bishop architect Franz Christoph Nagel , one of the “best baroque facades in Westphalia”. The church itself is a three-aisled vaulted pillar basilica. The tower in the shape of an octagon is located on the central nave yoke in the west. The church is free-standing on the east, south, east, and west and north entrances, otherwise it is covered by directly adjacent buildings. On the south side of the church there is still part of the Gaukirch monastery, which was also redesigned by Nagel. Apart from the baroque entrance, the church looks simple from the outside thanks to its broken limestone .
Furnishing
- The communion benches were made in the 18th century.
- In the Ursulakapelle there is an altarpiece from 1675; the baroque painting shows the flagellation of Christ, it does not belong.
- The grand piano retable with scenes from Mary was made by Anton Hellwig in 1894.
- The sacrament niche from the second half of the 15th century is set in sandstone. The figures are neo-Gothic, the enamel doors are from 1938.
- The sandstone baptismal font is probably a work by Pütt.
- The baptismal barrier is marked 1740.
- The walnut fork crucifix was probably made in the e. Quarter-created 14th century and late Gothic taken .
- The sandstone frame of the standing Virgin Mary from around 1420 has been renewed.
- The standing Mother of God from around 1700 is attributed to Gertrud Gröninger
- The crucifixion group from 1903 was made by Anton Momann.
Bells
The four bells are matched to the ringing of the cathedral and sound in the so-called Salve Regina motif .
|
No. |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Ø (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1972 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher | 1362 | 1550 | d 1 +3 |
| 2 | 1949 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 1090 | 800 | f sharp 1 +1 |
| 3 | 1949 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 907 | 430 | a 1 +3 |
| 4th | 1949 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 791 | 290 | h 1 +2 |
Ringing motif : Salve Regina ( Praise to God No. 666)
literature
- Otto Gaul, Anton Henze, Fried Mühlberg , Fritz Stich: Reclam's Art Guide Germany, Bd. 3, North Rhine-Westphalia (art monuments and museums) . Stuttgart 1982.
- HJ Brandt, K. Hengst (ed.): The Gau Church St. Ulrich in Paderborn 1183–1983 . 1983.
- Dirk Strohmann: The high altar of the Paderborn district church in Münster . In: Westphalian magazine . tape 157/2007 . Bonifatius, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89710-389-4 , p. 61-98 .
- Ursula Quednau (arrangement): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, North Rhine-Westphalia, Volume II: Westphalia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2
Web links
- Gaukirche St. Ulrich on the official website of the city of Paderborn
- Panoramic interior view on the same page
- Gokirchen Abbey, Paderborn - files in the NRW State Archives, Westphalia department
Individual evidence
- ^ Finding aid (A 282 II Gokirchen Monastery, Paderborn - files) .
- ^ Strohmann 2007, pp. 61–68.
- ^ Reclam Art Guide North Rhine-Westphalia 1982, p. 602.
- ↑ Claus Peter: The German bell landscapes. Westphalia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-422-06048-0 , p. 72.
Coordinates: 51 ° 43 ′ 5.5 " N , 8 ° 45 ′ 22.7" E