Hachborn Monastery

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Former monastery church in Hachborn with the old monastery wall in the background

The Hachborn Monastery (also Stift Hachborn ) was a Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn , a current part of the municipality of Ebsdorfergrund in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district , which was founded in 1186 and dissolved in the course of the Reformation in 1527 .

history

The Mainz Cathedral Chapter confirms the granting of protection for the Hachborn Monastery by Archbishop Siegfried II of Mainz (1215 April 3)

The Hachborn Premonstratensian Foundation was founded in 1186 by a donation from the von Merenberg family . The brothers Giso and Hartrad the Younger (III.) Had donated an allod to the Arnstein Premonstratensian Monastery in the village of Hachborn on the condition that the place for worship was set up in accordance with the rules of the Premonstratensian. The donation was confirmed by a certificate from the Arnsteiner Stift dated May 31, 1186. In 1189 this provost was donated to the Mainz church. In 1507 the monastery was reformed by the Bursfeld congregation and abolished in the course of the Reformation in 1527. The former monastery property was used for the Marburg infirmary in 1533, from 1561–93 the Hessian fiefdom of the von Scheuertschloß, 1602–1625 that of Baumbach, has since been leased and in 1789 divided among Hachborn farmers.

At the beginning it was probably a double pen , as we are initially talking about brothers ( fratres ) who lived in the monastery, but in the middle of the 13th century there is also evidence of a master craftsman for Hachborn. From this point on it can be assumed that there is a purely women's foundation. In addition to the donation from the Merenbergers, the monastery was given patronage over the nearby Ebsdorf church, which was also subordinate to the Mainz church and its archbishop. A plan from 1698 shows the buildings belonging to the monastery as well as the gardens and usable areas immediately around the commercial and residential buildings. The monastery church, which has been rebuilt several times, must have fallen victim to a fire in the 13th century because, according to a document, the convent collected donations for its restoration or reconstruction.

The dissolution of the monastery in 1527 was preceded by a general economic crisis. With the comparatively small property that the monastery had, it was ultimately no longer able to support itself or pay taxes. The fees due to the monastery from the tenants were also missing, as evidenced by the accounts books. Already at the end of the 15th century it came to the point that individual nuns had to redeem property of the monastery that had been pledged with their private assets, so that self-sufficiency could continue to be guaranteed. The pledged municipal property in Marburg could no longer be released and fell to the city of Marburg after the monastery was dissolved.

Economy and property

As a monastery

The starting point for ownership and supply of the Hachborn monastery was the property belonging to the Merenberg family foundation, which consisted of agriculturally usable areas and forest. The agricultural areas were used for cattle breeding and for growing vegetables and grains, while the forest areas were used to supply firewood and fattening pigs. According to the rules of the Premonstratensian order, the nuns residing in Hachborn took care of themselves, but were supported by lay brothers and sisters.

According to the documents, the focus of ownership of the Hachborner Stift was south of Marburg. Overall, the monastery had possessions in today's districts of Marburg, Gießen, Alsfeld, Wetzlar, Biedenkopf and Frankenberg. In addition to pure real estate, the monastery also owned mills, fish ponds and bodies of water, municipal properties and farms or so-called farms, which provided the monastery and its residents with their income. The most important mill of the monastery, the sand mill, was in Hachborn itself; here most of the grain was ground and then stored and consumed directly in the monastery. It can be assumed that the village population shared the monastery mill. The comparatively high amount of work that resulted from the large estates required a large number of workers who could not be recruited from the ranks of the nuns alone. Rather, the majority of the conversations recorded for Hachborn came from the town itself or from the surrounding area. They were entrusted with the execution of agricultural work and the management of the free float, while the women of the monastery stayed only in the area of ​​the monastery in accordance with the principle of the cloister .

The fact that there was not a sufficient number of conversations at all times suggests that day laborers or wage workers were also called in for smaller jobs and agricultural work. But the sisters not only benefited from areas that the monastery cultivated itself. Rather, a large part of the more distant property was leased and paid for the Hachborn convent . This group also includes the Fortbach farm located about four kilometers from Hachborn near Ilschhausen , which was given to two tenants. Another farm, the Mönchhof, was located directly in Hachborn and was run by Konversen and Premonstratensians.

The majority of the property consisted of donated areas and areas acquired over time, with a tendency towards consolidation of property in and around Hachborn, while for administrative reasons attempts were made to avoid or lease or lease property further away to sell. The possessions never exceeded a radius of 50 kilometers around the monastery, which is also to be associated with the size of the convent. In spite of everything, the economic activity of the Premonstratensian women in Hachborn remained limited, even if the trade in excess yields or animals is documented. An expansion of commercial activity, as was possible for the Cistercian monasteries of Caldern and Georgenberg through their cloth production, did not take place here.

Another source of income for the monastery were so-called Seelgerätestiftungen , with which the donors intended to care for their souls by donating sums of money, real estate or other goods such as wax to the monastery. And the patronage of Ebsdorfer Church, assigned to the pin at the establishment, turned out to be profitable, but belonged to Ebsdorf twelve villages whose ecclesiastical revenues flowed to the pen.

Tombstones near the church of the former monastery; in the background remains of the monastery wall

The property of the Hachborner Stift was administered by the master who had headed the convent since the middle of the 13th century. Together with her, a prioress monitored the income and expenses of the monastery as well as the timely receipt of the duties from the leased property.

After the Reformation

With the adoption of the Kassel state parliament on October 15, 1527, the Landgraviate of Hesse effectively initiated the secularization of the Hessian monasteries. Accordingly, their income should go to the University of Marburg in the future . The founding rector of Marburg, Johannes Eisermann , provided the intellectual justification for access to the spiritual property, which was justified with the "common benefit". In the year 1527 the inventory of the monastic valuables was carried out accordingly. However, it was not possible to establish a uniform and systematic administration of the confiscated monastery properties. Last but not least, the princely need for money prevented the establishment of a centralized monastery chamber or similar.

Rather, in the 1530s, some of the sequestered monastery properties were sold in order to generate large amounts of income directly in this way. On February 19, 1534, the Hachborn Monastery was sold “with all accessories” to Kaspar Treis from Gießen and his wife Juliane, although the right to buy back was reserved. On December 1, 1545, the entire property - again with the right of repurchase - went to Daniel Scheuertschloss. On April 8, 1561, the property was combined into a landgrave's fief , which was given to Johann (Hans) Scheuertschloss, the son of Daniel Scheuertschloss. A document dated May 10, 1561 confirmed the feudal relationship and at the same time reorganized the compulsory parking and hunting rights.

Johann Schüstenschloss died on November 2nd, 1593 as the last male representative of his sex and Hachborn fell as a completed fief to Landgrave Ludwig IV of Hesse-Marburg , who gave it as a fief to his steward and councilor Philipp Ludwig von Baumbach in 1602 . When Ludwig IV died in 1604 without descendants entitled to inheritance, the northern part of his landgraviate fell to his nephew, Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel . Baumbach was soon accused of having had an improper relationship with Landgravine Maria , the second and 30 years younger wife of Ludwig IV, during Ludwig IV's lifetime . He was imprisoned, put to trial and only released after Maria Ludwig's heirs Moritz and Ludwig V of Hessen-Darmstadt had given their extensive Wittum comparatively cheaply. Philipp Ludwig von Baumbach died in 1618. His brother Ewald Jost gave up all claims on Hachborn on April 16, 1625 in return for a severance payment. The estate and castle subsequently remained in the possession of the landgrave, and the estate was given to different tenants for use from 1631 and until 1789 . In October 1789 it was dissolved and divided among the farmers of Hachborn. The lock was broken off.

Convention

About the women who entered the monastery as nuns in the course of time, it was established from the sources that they were by no means just daughters of noble families. Rather, they often came from the lower nobility, urban patriciate or non-patrician bourgeoisie. Also, the reason for joining the Hachborn Convention is less pronounced religiosity than the wish of the family to lead the daughter or daughters to a secure existence. Normally, a dowry had to be raised to enter a convent , but not a single one is documented in Hachborn for the entire time it was in existence. Presumably the maintenance was secured by the women's personal annuities . These were either provided by the families of the nuns or bought by the women themselves and often fell to the monastery after death. When the monastery was dissolved in 1527, there were still five nuns in Hachborn, and before it was dissolved, nine nuns who were compensated by the landgrave .

today

Hachborn Church

The only remaining building of the former Hachborn monastery is the monastery church, which today serves as Hachborn's parish church.

It was probably created before the Lords of Merenberg donated the area to the Arnsteiner Stift. That would explain the location of the church away from the former monastery buildings. During the exterior renovation in 1990, signs of various renovations became clear, but these are now hidden under a new layer of plaster. Behind the church are the remains of the former monastery wall and a cellar, which is now part of private property.

swell

Printed sources

  • Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesten and documents I . Marburg 1961.

Archival sources (selection)

Hessian State Archives Marburg :

  • Manuscripts 142 a, Hachborn Monastery, Deduction on founding, dissolution, etc., 1629
  • HStAM inventory document 25.

literature

  • Wilhelm Dersch: Hessisches Klosterbuch: Source studies on the history of the founders, monasteries and branches of religious cooperatives founded in the administrative district of Kassel , in the Grafschaft Schaumburg district, in the province of Upper Hesse and the district of Biedenkopf, 2nd edition, Marburg 1940.
  • Festschrift for the 800th anniversary of the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn. 1987.
  • Eckhart G. Franz : The Hessian monasteries and their convents in the Reformation . In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte . tape 19 , 1969, p. 147-233 .
  • Eckhart G. Franz: The Hessian monasteries in the Reformation . In: sheets for German national history . tape 109 , 1973, pp. 259-264 .
  • Walter Heinemeyer: On the foundation of the "universale studium Marpurgense" . In: Walter Heinemeyer et al. (Ed.): Acedemia Marburgensi. Contributions to the history of the Philipps University of Marburg . Marburg 1977, p. 49-92 .
  • Peter Unbelief: Church. In: Heinrich Lauer, Georg Mann, Peter Unglaube: Hachborn and Ilschhausen. Volume I. People and houses. Heimatverein Hachborn and Ilschhausen, Gießen 1995, pp. 41–45
  • Peter Unglaube: The Hachborn House. A lost castle in the Marburger Land. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies 106 (2001), pp. 59–85. www.vhghessen.de/inhalt/zhg/ZHG_106/06_Unglaube_Hachborn.pdf
  • Christina Vanja : Property and social history of the Cistercian convents in Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian convent in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, ISBN 3-88443-133-1 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Hachborn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, p. 257.
  2. ↑ HStAM inventory of documents 25
  3. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, p. 797.
  4. ↑ Christina Vanja : Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 12.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, 798.
  6. ↑ a b c Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents in Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 34 ff.
  7. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, 787.
  8. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 378.
  9. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 82 ff.
  10. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, 864.
  11. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 38.
  12. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 104.
  13. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 23.
  14. ↑ Friedrich Schunder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and documents I. Marburg 1961, 797.
  15. ^ Franz (1969), p. 154
  16. ↑ Bruno Hildebrand: Collection of documents on the constitution and administration of the University of Marburg under Philipp dem Grossmüthigen , Marburg 1848, No. 2, p. 5.
  17. ↑ Heinemeyer, p. 84
  18. ↑ Schunder, p. 324, No. 1038.
  19. ^ Franz (1969), p. 163.
  20. ↑ Schunder, p. 324, No. 1039.
  21. ↑ ibid. and Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, active loan (feudal and nobility letters) from Hessen-Darmstadt and other legal predecessors of the Grand Dukes of Hessen) (A 5), no. 359/7.
  22. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, Aktivlehen (feudal and nobility letters) from Hessen-Darmstadt and other legal predecessors of the Grand Dukes of Hesse) (A 5), no. 359/7
  23. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, Aktivlehen (feudal and nobility letters) from Hessen-Darmstadt and other legal predecessors of the Grand Dukes of Hessen) (A 5), no. 359/11.
  24. ↑ Peter Unbelief: Das Haus Hachborn; A lost castle in the Marburger Land . Journal of the Association for Hessian History , Volume 106, 2001, pp. 59–85
  25. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 126 ff.
  26. ↑ Christina Vanja: Property and social history of the Cistercian convents Caldern and Georgenberg and the Premonstratensian monastery in Hachborn in Hesse in the late Middle Ages. Darmstadt 1984, p. 132 ff.
  27. ↑ Name list in Franz (1969), pp. 189f.
  28. ↑ Peter Unbelief: Church. In: Heinrich Lauer, Georg Mann, Peter Unbelief: Hachborn and Ilschhausen I. People and houses. Giessen 1995, p. 41 f.
  29. ^ Evidence in Arcinsys Hessen (HStAM inventory slg 1 no. 142 a)
  30. ↑ HStAM inventory document 25
  31. ↑ Digital edition


Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 12 ″  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 24 ″  E