Obermarsberg Monastery
The Obermarsberg monastery was founded in the late 8th century as a Benedictine monastery on the Eresburg (today Obermarsberg , North Rhine-Westphalia) and incorporated into the Corvey monastery in 826 . A monastic community existed under the name Propstei until it was abolished in 1803. The collegiate church is consecrated to St. Peter and Paul and dates in its current form from the second half of the 13th century. The collegiate church is still a Catholic parish church and is registered as a monument in the list of monuments of the city of Marsberg .
history
The monastery was founded in 799 or 785 by Charlemagne on the Eresburg (today Obermarsberg ) of the defeated Saxons . At the instigation of Charles, a stone building in the style of a basilica was built after the first wooden church . The monks followed the Benedictine rule , and the church was consecrated to the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul . In 799 Pope Leo III visited in connection with his visit to the Reichstag in Paderborn and confirms the rights granted by Karl (tithe, immunity and his own jurisdiction).
In the year 826 the community was organizationally affiliated by Ludwig the Pious to the Corvey Monastery, which he was instrumental in founding, as a provost's office, but a monastic community continued to exist. The provost was a full member of the Corvey convent. The members of the convent in Marsberg mostly came from the lower nobility of the area. The parishes in Niedermarsberg and Thülen were incorporated into the provost's office .
In the collegiate church, King Otto I's quarrel with his half-brother Thankmar ended in 938 when the latter was killed at the altar by a spear thrown through a side window of the church. A crowned head on a pillar of the church still reminds of the half-brother.
The first provost of Obermarsberg known by name was Erkenbert von Homburg , who became Abbot of Corvey in 1107. In 1115 the residents of Obermarsberg revolted against the monks for the first time. Thereupon Abbot Erkenbert ordered Count Friedrich I of Arnsberg to attack the settlement and destroy the fortifications. In 1150 the monks received from King Konrad III. the right to mine ore (gold, silver, lead and tin). From 1176 onwards, the church of the Horhusen settlement (now Niedermarsberg ) that had emerged in the valley was subordinate to the Corvey monastery. Around 1205 work began on protecting the monastery complex in Obermarsberg with walls.
In 1230 the town and the Obermarsberg provost were largely destroyed by fire. Due to financial difficulties, the monastery community was forced to sell part of their possessions. The current church was built in 1240 in Gothic style on the remains of the previous Romanesque building .
In 1319 and 1330 the facility was badly damaged by fires. In 1325 the community had twelve members and the provost. As far as we can tell, this was the highest number of brothers. A tower was built in 1410.
As in the city of Marsberg, there were also supporters of the Reformation in the monastery . Even the provost Christoph von Esleve was inclined towards Lutheranism. He evidently led a very worldly life. So he always had thirteen horses in the stable. The monastery’s debts rose to 8,000 thalers. Because the provost did not support the counter-reformation policy of Elector Ernst von Bayern , Jesuits were sent to Marsberg in 1617. In 1620 the provost officially converted to Lutheranism. The monastery remained Catholic. During the Thirty Years War in 1633 imperial troops were quartered in the monastery. The facility was almost completely destroyed by Hessian troops in 1646. Reconstruction only began after 1669 under provost Ferdinand von Metternich.
buildings
The actual monastery complex was completed in 1671. The buildings were simple and built in an H-shape to the south of the church. In 1759 the main gate, the so-called Benedictus arch, was built. After the abolition of the monastery, the facility was rebuilt in 1805. Part of the monastery building is used as a pastorate and parish hall. Another part went into private ownership. The archway is currently being renovated, partly because of funding from the German Foundation for Monument Protection (DSD).
Collegiate church
architecture
The first church was a wooden structure. It was followed by a stone basilica . The building that exists today essentially dates from the second half of the 13th century. It was built in a Romanesque - Gothic transition style. It is a vaulted three-aisled hall church . The ships are separated by three pairs of strong pillars. The naves are 35.10 m long and 11 m high up to the choir. The two side aisles are 7.60 m wide and the central nave is 7 m wide. The choir area was blown up by the Swedes in 1646 and was later rebuilt. The apse now has a 5/8 end.
In 1410 the originally 53 m high west tower was built. The walls are two meters thick. After the destruction in the course of the siege and destruction of Obermarsberg during the Thirty Years War, the tower was rebuilt seven meters lower. The former ball point was destroyed by fire in 1817 and replaced by the current pyramid roof in 1829.
The portal in the west tower is ogival and is located under a high, three-part window with tracery. After a tower restoration in 1908, several figures were placed in the niches of the large windows. St. Lawrence and St. Sturmius can be seen at the top. Saint Paul is on the right and Saint Peter on the left. The latter figure dates from 1410.
On the south side of the church there is a large round window, which was walled up after the destruction in 1646 and was not opened again until 1891. The door below leads into the sacristy, which was previously part of the provost area.
The crypt is located below the choir . It is also known colloquially as the Heidenkeller because it was believed that this was the location of the Irminsul . There are two Latin inscriptions on the walls of the crypt. The translation of the inscription on the north wall reads: "On Petri Chain Festival (August 1st) is the annual commemoration of the consecration of the church." The altar of the crypt was only erected in 1932 and is consecrated to the missionary, abbot and Saint Sturmius . This is said to have built the first altar on the site of the church after the conquest of the Eresburg.
Furnishing
In the tower hall there are five cast iron grave slabs of canons from the 18th century. There is also a group of crosses from the 17th century.
The interior of the church was destroyed in 1645. Only the figure of Anna Selbdritt is Gothic and dates from around 1500. Almost all of the new furnishings were created by the Papen workshop in the Baroque style. This also includes the pews , the cheeks of which are richly carved. Some of the desk benches contain the names of the donors. The furnishings include a pulpit richly decorated with angel heads. A double Madonna with child and scepter was donated by the city treasurer Johas Eling. The high altar dates from 1719. The central altarpiece depicts the birth of Christ. In the oval above, the Holy Trinity is depicted and above it the Immaculate Conception. On the sides are the pictures of the church patrons Peter and Paul. The choir stalls are located in front of the high altar. The left side altar (cross altar) dates from 1724. Behind the altar there are two heads (Charlemagne and Pope Leo III) on the wall. The right side altar dates from 1718. The altarpiece shows the rosary queen with St. Dominic. Further pieces of equipment are the two baroque confessionals. One of them shows the coats of arms of the provost Ferdinand and Justin von Metternich . The Pieta was donated in 1744. A remarkable radiation monstrance was created by Johann Friedrich Bräuer in 1717/18. In the area of the choir is the tomb of the Corveyer Abbot Heinrich von Aschenbroich, who lived in the Obermarsberger Stift after his resignation and died there in 1626.
organ
The organ shows a baroque prospect , which is designed on two floors and richly decorated with carved portraits. Among other things, David playing the harp is shown . A cartridge reminds of the time the organ was built. Translated it says: "Under the highly noble provost Justin von Metternich and the mayor Wilhelm Theilen this organ was completed in 1707."
The organ itself is attributed to Peter Henrich Varenholt from Bielefeld , who used older material. But Johann Jacob John from Einbeck with the Reinecke brothers from Rohden are also conceivable as builders. In 1859 the organ was expanded to include a second manual by Heinrich Schulte from Warburg , who also built new grinding chests for the main work. After 1900 the disposition was changed in the romantic style. A restoration took place in 1973 by Franz Breil , who brought the instrument back to the state of 1869 with a few extensions. The instrument has 23 registers , which are divided into two manuals and pedal . About half of the pipe stock is old; the rest is from 1973. The disposition is as follows:
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- Remarks:
- (A) = register from before 1707
- (V) = Register of Varenholt (1707)
- (S) = Schulte register (1869)
- (B) = Breil register (1973)
Bells
The three bronze bells from 1442, 1501 and 1710 were melted down during World War I. Since 1920 the bell has consisted of three cast steel bells, cast by Buderus and Humpert. The inscriptions were taken from the old bells:
| No. | Nominal | inscription |
|---|---|---|
| I. | of' | (lat.) Hail Mary. The sister, cast from ore in 1442, followed
I followed the unfortunate war as a steely man in 1920. |
| II | it' | Syt 1501 out Bronce, nom Kryge out Stohl, Guot help us naumol. 1920 |
| III | f ' | St. Catharina. In an accident I was cast in 1710, earlier bronze, since 1920 steel. |
In the roof turret hangs a bronze transformation bell, cast in 1878 by Humpert in Brilon. In 2018 the bell was made to ring again.
Toast
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- Erkenbert von Homburg , 1081, later Abbot in Corvey
- Heinrich, 1090, previously dean in Corvey
- Reinhard, 1151
- Bruning, 1201
- L (?), 1204
- Thimo, 1247, later Abbot of Corvey
- Heinrich, 1280
- Herbold, 1301
- Tileman von Delwig, 1335
- Wilhelm von Plettenberg, 1373
- Johann von Utschlacht, 1390
- Gottfried Soder, 1393
- Otto, 1427
- Hermann, 1462
- Herman Lüdecke, 1482, 1502
- Johann von Utschlacht, 1509
- Georg, 1549, 1552, later provost of Kemnade
- Johan Jöckel, 1553
- Heinrich Kuling, 1556, 1557 (deposed)
- Johann Jöckel, 1560, 1564
- Gisbert von Bucholtz, 1570, 1583
- Dietrich von Becke, 1583, 1593
- Johann von Werden 1598, 1604
- Christoph von Esleve , 1610, 1617
- Johann Christoph von Brambach , 1618, 1620, later abbot in Corvey
- Peter Kersenbrock, 1625
- Otto Grusman, 1627, 1637
- Burchard Martini Sighart, 1658
- Johann von Haxthausen, 1636, 1653
- Aegidius Fabricius, 1643
- Cornelius Wilhelm von Neuhof, 1646
- Johann Steifgen, 1647, 1649
- Johann Anton Colyn, 1650, 1652
- Ferdinand von Metternich, 1559, 1661
- Niclas von Zitzwitz
- Ferdinand von Metternich, 1669, 1675
- Martin von Zitzwitz
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview of the sights in Marsberg. (PDF; 760 kB) Helminghausen district. Tourist office Marsberg e. V., November 19, 2009, accessed June 6, 2011 .
- ^ Edeltraud Klueting: The monastery landscape of the Duchy of Westphalia in the High Middle Ages . In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1: Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster, 2009, p. 59
- ↑ Magdalena Padberg: An extraordinary witch trial. From Eslave versus Volmers / Hoberg . Arnsberg, 1987, p. 158
- ↑ The Benedictine Arch at the monastery in Obermarsberg is being restored. December 29, 2018, accessed January 25, 2019 .
- ^ Marina Cremer: Art in the Duchy of Westphalia. An art landscape shaped by the Electorate of Cologne. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009 p. 576f.
- ↑ Hannalore Reuter: Historical organs in Westphalia-Lippe . Ardey-Verlag, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-87023-245-5 , p. 225 .
- ↑ Gerhard Aumüller : Johann Jacob John, the Reinecke brothers and their relationships with organ building in Westphalia and Waldeck . In: Westphalian magazine . tape 145 , 1995, pp. 73–128, here: pp. 100, 117 ( lwl.org [PDF]).
- ^ Organ Databank , accessed on January 7, 2019.
- ↑ Organ Atlas Ostwestfalen-Lippe , accessed on January 7, 2019.
- ^ Magdalena Padberg: Bells in the Sauerland . Ed .: Sparkasse Finnentrop. Finnentrop 1983, p. 20 .
- ↑ For the first time in 50 years the bell of the collegiate church rings. August 8, 2018, accessed on September 15, 2019 (German).
- ↑ mentioned first and last mention. Johann-Dietrich von Steinen: Westphalian history with many coppers. Vol. 4,4 Lemgo 1760, pp. 1132-1135
literature
- Karl Hengst: Westfälisches Klosterbuch , Part 1, Münster 1992, pp. 574-579.
- Heiko KL Schulze: Monasteries and monasteries in Westphalia - history, building history and description, a documentation . In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800-1800. Münster, 1982. p. 355
- Guide through the collegiate church. Obermarsberg, 2002
- Hubert Schmidt: The collegiate church in Obermarsberg. In: Sauerland issue 3/1980 pp. 77–80
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 ′ 10 ″ N , 8 ° 51 ′ 8 ″ E