Torch lilies
Torch lilies | ||||||||||||
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Grape torch lily ( Kniphofia uvaria ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Kniphofia | ||||||||||||
Monk |
The torch lilies ( Kniphofia ), also known as rocket flowers, are a genus of plants in the subfamily of the Affodil family (Asphodelaceae), with around 70 species. The botanical genus name honors the Erfurt botany professor Johann Hieronymus Kniphof (1704–1765). Some species are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
description
Torch lilies are perennial, herbaceous plants that reach heights of 80 to 160 centimeters. They are clump-forming, most species are evergreen, there are winter-hardy species and varieties. They form horizontal rhizomes as permanent organs. The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette or more or less in two rows on the stem. The simple leaves are mostly keeled. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated.
The racemose inflorescences are very high in some species. The flower stalks are usually short, in some species they lengthen until the fruits ripen. In many species the upper flowers are intensely red and the further down they are in the inflorescence, the more the colors change to yellow; sometimes some of the flowers are white or green. In many species the flowers are hanging. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The two by three different polymorphic bloom are more or less deformed bell-like to a funnel. There are two circles with three stamens each; they are at most as long as the bracts, with the inner being longer than the outer. Three carpels have become an ovary grown. The stylus ends in a tiny, head-shaped scar. The capsule fruit is spherical to ovoid. The egg-shaped seeds are triangular to winged.
Occurrence
The approximately 70 species of torch lily are native to Africa , mainly in eastern and southern Africa (47 of them in the Republic of South Africa ). There is only one species each in Madagascar and on the southern Arabian Peninsula .
Systematics
The first description by Conrad Moench was published in 1794. There are the following synonyms for Kniphofia Moench : Notosceptrum Benth. , Rudolphoroemeria Steud. ex Hochst. , Triclissa Salisb. , Tritoma Ker Gawl. , Tritomanthe Link .
The genus Kniphofia includes the following species:
- Kniphofia acraea Codd
- Kniphofia albescens Codd
- Kniphofia albomontana Baijnath
- Kniphofia angustifolia (Baker) Codd
- Kniphofia ankaratrensis Baker
- Kniphofia baurii Baker
- Kniphofia benguellensis Welw. ex Baker
- Kniphofia bequaertii De Wild.
- Kniphofia brachystachya (numberbr.) Codd
- Kniphofia breviflora Harv. ex Baker
- Kniphofia bruceae (Codd) Codd
- Kniphofia buchananii Baker
- Kniphofia caulescens Baker
- Kniphofia citrina Baker
- Kniphofia coddiana Cufod.
- Kniphofia coralligemma E.A. Bruce
- Kniphofia crassifolia Baker
- Kniphofia drepanophylla Baker
- Kniphofia dubia De Wild.
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Sword-leaved torch lily ( Kniphofia ensifolia Baker )
- Kniphofia ensifolia subsp. ensifolia
- Kniphofia ensifolia subsp. autumnalis Codd
- Kniphofia × erythraeae Fiori
- Kniphofia evansii Baker
- Kniphofia fibrosa Baker
- Kniphofia flammula Codd
- Kniphofia fluviatilis Codd
- Kniphofia foliosa Hochst.
- Kniphofia galpinii Baker
- Kniphofia goetzei Engl.
- Kniphofia gracilis Harv. ex Baker
- Kniphofia grantii Baker
- Kniphofia hildebrandtii Cufod.
- Kniphofia hirsuta Codd
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Kniphofia ichopensis Schinz
- Kniphofia ichopensis var. Ichopensis
- Kniphofia ichopensis var. Aciformis Codd
- Kniphofia insignis Rendle
- Kniphofia isoetifolia Hochst.
- Kniphofia latifolia Codd
- Kniphofia laxiflora Kunth
- Kniphofia leucocephala Baijnath
- Kniphofia linearifolia Baker
- Kniphofia littoralis Codd
- Kniphofia marungensis Lisowski & Wiland
- Kniphofia mulanjeana S. Blackmore
- Kniphofia multiflora J.M.Wood & MSEvans
- Kniphofia nana Marais
- Kniphofia northiae Baker
- Kniphofia nubigena Mildbr.
- Kniphofia pallidiflora Baker
- Kniphofia paludosa Engl.
- Kniphofia parviflora Kunth
- Kniphofia pauciflora Baker
- Kniphofia porphyrantha Baker
- Early torch lily ( Kniphofia praecox Baker )
- Kniphofia princeae (A. Berger) Marais
- Kniphofia pumila (Aiton) Kunth
- Kniphofia reflexa Hutch. ex Codd
- Kniphofia reynoldsii Codd
- Kniphofia rigidifolia E.A. Bruce
- Kniphofia ritualis Codd
- Kniphofia rooperi (T.Moore) Lem.
- Kniphofia sarmentosa (Andrews) Kunth
- Kniphofia schimperi Baker
- Kniphofia splendida E.A. Bruce
- Kniphofia stricta Codd
- Kniphofia sumarae Deflers
- Kniphofia tabularis Marloth
- Kniphofia thodei Baker
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Kniphofia thomsonii Baker
- Kniphofia thomsonii var. Thomsonii
- Kniphofia thomsonii var. Snowdenii (CHWright) Marais
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Kniphofia triangularis Kunth
- Kniphofia triangularis subsp. triangularis
- Kniphofia triangularis subsp. obtusiloba (Diels ex A. Berger) Codd
- Kniphofia typhoides Codd
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Kniphofia tysonii Baker
- Kniphofia tysonii subsp. tysonii
- Kniphofia tysonii subsp. lemboensis Codd
- Kniphofia umbrina Codd
- Crested torch lily ( Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Hook. )
literature
- S. Kativu: Asphodelaceae in Flora Zambesiaca; Volume 12, 2001: Kniphofia - Online. (engl.)
- The genus at plantzafrica.com. (engl.)
- Christian Grunert: Garden flowers from A to Z, Neumann Verlag Radebeul, 6th edition, 1984.
- Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Individual evidence
- ^ Conrad Moench: Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis . Volume 2, 1794, pp. 631-632 ( online ).
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Kniphofia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 26, 2018.