Cartilage lettuce

Cartilage lettuce
	Greater cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Tribe :	Cichorieae
Genre :	Cartilage lettuce
Scientific name
	Chondrilla
	L.

The cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla ), also called cartilage salads, form a genus of plants in the subfamily Cichorioideae within the Asteraceae family.

description

Illustration of the great cartilaginous lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea )

Flower baskets of the great cartilaginous lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea ), the two stylus branches of the flowers are clearly visible.

Fruit cluster with achenes and pappus from the Alpine cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla chondrilloides )

Basal leaves and hairy stems of Great Cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea )

Appearance and leaves

Chondrilla species are perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of between 40 and 150 cm. They form tap roots . Each plant can consist of one to six branched stems that are hairy at the base and smooth at the top.

The leaves stand together in basal leaf rosettes and are also distributed on the stem. The petioles are winged. The leaf blade of the basal leaves is convex to pinnate. The stem leaves are smaller and simpler.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

The terminal and lateral cup-shaped inflorescences are usually singly or few together. The flower heads have a diameter of 2.5 to 5 mm. It is a series of five to nine equally protean bracts present. There are only seven to fifteen hermaphroditic, fertile, zygomorphic ray-flowers in a flower head . The early wilting corollas are yellow.

The light brown to black, almost cylindrical achenes have more than five ribs, are clearly beaked and studded with bumps and appendages. The pappus consists of a row with 40 to over 50 white, smooth bristles.

ecology

They are hemicryptophytes .

Some species reproduce apomictically or facultatively apomictically.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Chondrilla was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, pp. 796-797. The name Chondrilla was used by Dioscorides for plant species that contain milky sap (latex). That is why Linnaeus used this name for the genus Chondrilla .

Chondrilla species occur naturally in Eurasia . In North America, the great cartilaginous lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea ) is considered an invasive plant . In Germany only the two types of alpine cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla chondrilloides ) and large cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea ) occur.

The genus Chondrilla contains 25 to 50 species:

Chondrilla acantholepis Boiss.

Chondrilla ambigua fish. ex Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in southern European Russia , Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and Xinjiang . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.

Chondrilla aspera (Schrad. Ex Willd.) Poir. : It occurs in southern and central Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan , Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang.

Chondrilla bosseana Ilyin

Chondrilla brevirostris fish. & CAMey. : It occurs in southern and eastern European Russia, western Asian Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 15.

Chondrilla canescens Kar. & Kir.

Alpine cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla chondrilloides (Ard.) H.Karst. , Syn .: Chondrilla prenanthoides (Scop.) Vill. ): It occurs in the Alps from Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , Slovenia and Italy , here too in the Apennines . Its occurrence in Corsica is questionable.
Chondrilla crepoides L.
Chondrilla cymosa Poir.
Chondrilla evae Lack : It was first described from Afghanistan.
Chondrilla gibbirostris Popov
Chondrilla graminea M.Bieb.
Chondrilla hispida (Pall.) Poir.
Chondrilla hookeriana Ilyin
Greater cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea L. ) It is naturally widespread from Western Europe to North Africa to Central Asia . He is a neophyte in many areas of the world .
Chondrilla kusnezovii Ilyin
Chondrilla laticoronata Leonova : It occurs in southern and central Russia, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang.
Chondrilla latifolia M.Bieb.
Chondrilla leiosperma Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang and Mongolia . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 15.
Chondrilla macra Ilyin
Chondrilla macrocarpa Leonova
Chondrilla maracandica Bunge
Chondrilla mariae Podlech : It was first described from Afghanistan.
Chondrilla mujunkumensis Ilyin & Igolkin
Chondrilla ornata Iljin : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Chondrilla pauciflora Ledeb. : She is present in Eastern European Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Xinjiang. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 15.
Chondrilla phaeocephala Rupr. : It occurs in Afghanistan , Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Xinjiang.
Chondrilla pinnatifida Poir.
Chondrilla piptocoma fish. & CAMey. : It occurs in southern and central Russia, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.
Chondrilla ramosissima Sm . : It occurs only in Greece and the southern Greek islands.
Chondrilla rouillieri Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in southern and central Russia, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 15.
Chondrilla setulosa C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f.
Chondrilla spinosa Lamond & VAMatthews : It occurs in the Asian part of Turkey .
Chondrilla tenuiramosa U.P. Pratov & Tagaev
Chondrilla uniflora Larrañaga
Chondrilla urumoffii sword (Syn .: Chondrilla lenae Papan. ): It occurs in Bulgaria , Macedonia and Greece.
Chondrilla yossii Kitam.

literature

Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
LD Gottlieb: Chondrilla. , P. 252 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 (English).
Peter Derek Sell: Chondrilla L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 343 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany with a chromosome atlas. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 .
↑ Invasive Plants. ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Data sheet at Global Compositae Checklist .
↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at the Cichorieae portal .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Zhu Shi, Norbert Kilian: Chondrilla Linnaeus , pp. 242-245 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven , Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Chondrilla In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Peter Derek Sell: Chondrilla L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 343 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Commons : Cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Distribution map of the genus.

[Wisskirchen1998-1] Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany with a chromosome atlas. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 .

[invasive-2] Invasive Plants. ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[GCC-3] Data sheet at Global Compositae Checklist .

[cichorieae-4] Enter the taxon in the search mask at the Cichorieae portal .

[FoC-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Zhu Shi, Norbert Kilian: Chondrilla Linnaeus , pp. 242-245 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven , Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .

[Euro+Med-6] Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Chondrilla In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[Sell1976-7] Peter Derek Sell: Chondrilla L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 343 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).