Knot flowers
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Spring knot flower ( Leucojum vernum ), illustration |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leucojum | ||||||||||||
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The genus of knot flowers ( Leucojum ) belongs to the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Today only the two species of spring knot and summer knot belong to this genus.
description
The knot flower species are perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form onions as persistent organs. Several linear leaves stand at the base of the plant.
The bell-shaped, hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The six bracts are designed and colored the same. The six stamens are free. The name for the genus was probably the early heyday associated with the knot-like, subordinate ovary . The capsule fruits contain numerous black or white seeds.
All parts of the plant are poisonous due to alkaloids such as lycorin and galanthamine .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Leucojum was 1753 Linnaeus in Species Plantarum erected, 1, p 289th The botanical genus name Leucojum is derived from the Greek words leukos for white and ion for violets (odor like violets).
The genus Leucojum only contains two species:
- The summer knot flower or late blooming knot flower ( Leucojum aestivum
L. ) is widespread all over Europe up to Crimea and the eastern coast of the Black Sea. There are several flowers per inflorescence: With two subspecies:
- Leucojum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum : There is, for example, the variety: Leucojum aestivum 'Gravetye Giant'
- Leucojum aestivum subsp. pulchellum Briq.
- The spring knot flower or Märzenbecher, Josefs-Glocherl, Osterbecherchen, Osterglocke, ( Leucojum vernum L.) has a natural distribution in Central Europe. There are usually only one or, more rarely, two flowers per inflorescence: With three varieties:
- Leucojum vernum var. Carpathicum Sims
- Leucojum vernum var. Vagneri Stapf
- Leucojum vernum L. var. Vernum
- The two types of knot flowers
Summer knot flower ( Leucojum aestivum )
Spring knot flower ( Leucojum vernum )
The remaining species of the previous ten Leucojum species (are now in the genus Acis ):
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Leucojum autumnale → autumn knot flower (Acis autumnalis)
- Acis autumnalis var. Autumnalis
- Acis autumnalis var. Oporantha
- Acis autumnalis var. Pulchella
- Leucojum fabrei → Acis fabrei
- Leucojum longifolium → Acis longifolia
- Leucojum nicaeense → Acis nicaeensis
- Leucojum roseum → Pink knot flower ( Acis rosea )
- Leucojum tingitanum → Acis tingitana
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Leucojum trichophyllum → Acis trichophylla :
- Acis trichophylla var. Trichophylla
- Acis trichophylla var. Broteroi
- Acis trichophylla var. Micrantha
- Leucojum valentinum → Acis valentina
- Leucojum ionicum ( Leucojum Valentinum var. Vlorense ) → Acis ionica
| Acis | |||||||||
| Leucojum | |||||||||
| Galanthus | |||||||||
Leucojum Adans is against it . a synonym of Matthiola W.T. Aiton .
literature
- Dolores Lledo, Aaron Davis, Manuel Crespo, Mark Chase, Michael Fay: Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 246, Numbers 3-4, 2004, pp. 223-243. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-004-0152-0
- Pepy Bareka, Georgia Kamari, Dimitrios Phitos, Acis ionica (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from the Ionian area (W Greece, S Albania) . In: Willdenowia , Volume 36, Number 1, 2006, pp. 357-366 (PDF; 321 kB).
- Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech: Leucojum . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 , pp. 293 (English). (online), in the broader earlier scope.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Leucojum at Pacificbulbsociety. (engl.)