Autumn knot flower
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Autumn knot flower ( Acis autumnalis ) |
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| Acis autumnalis | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Sweet |
The autumn knot flower ( Acis autumnalis ) is a species of the genus Acis within the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The autumn knot flower is a perennial herbaceous plant . As a persistence organ, it forms an onion . The onion is about 5 centimeters tall, light brown and has an elongated tip, which gives it a certain resemblance to a pointed cap.
The basal leaves are upright at first, but later often lie on the ground. The parallel-veined, simple and very thin, grass-like leaf blade about 16 centimeters long and about 3 millimeters wide.
Generative characteristics
Up to four flowers are located in a 10 to 15 centimeter high, reddish-brown, pendulous panicle inflorescence with a bract. The approximately 2 centimeter long peduncle is reddish-brown.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six white with a reddish tint, especially at their base bloom have grown bell-shaped and up to 2 centimeters long. The ovary below is reddish-brown. The flowers smell like chocolate.
The three-column capsule fruit and up to 20 small, black seeds .
Ecologist and phenology
It is a geophyte . The growing season lasts from late summer to spring, with the leaves usually not sprouting until after the flowers have bloomed. The bulbs are 5 to 7 inches deep in the ground. In some forms, they multiply strongly through daughter onions.
The leaves appear towards the end of or shortly after flowering and move in again in spring.
Occurrence
The autumn knot flower is a Mediterranean floral element . It is common in the western to western-central Mediterranean region. It occurs on the southern and central Iberian Peninsula, on Sardinia and Sicily, and in North Africa, from Morocco along the coast to Tunisia . It thrives best in open, summer-dry and sun-exposed locations on slopes with sandy-stony loam soils .
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Taxonomy
The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Leucojum autumnale L. by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 289. The new combination to Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet was in 1829 by Robert Sweet in The British Flower Garden, .. . , Volume 3, Plate 297 published. Other synonyms for Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet are: Ruminia hyemalis Parl. Nom. illeg., Leucojum auctumnale J.F.Gmel. orth. var., Leucojum autumnale var. oporanthum (Jord. & Fourr.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al. , Leucojum autumnale var. Pulchellum (Jord. & Fourr.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al. , Leucojum autumnale var. Diphyllum Maire .
Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet was split off from the genus of ( Leucojum ) together with the nine other species , therefore Leucojum autumnale L. is a synonym.
Systematics
Depending on the author, there are about three varieties of Acis autumnalis, some of which are also listed as separate species or are synonyms of Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet :
- Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet var. Autumnalis : It is a synonym of Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet
- Acis autumnalis var. Oporantha (Jord. & Fourr.) Lledó, APDavis & MBCrespo → Acis oporantha Jord. & Fourr. : It is a synonym of Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet
- Acis autumnalis var. Pulchella (Jord. & Fourr.) Lledó, APDavis & MBCrespo → Acis pulchella Jord. & Fourr. : It is a synonym of Acis autumnalis (L.) Sweet
use
The autumn knot flower is used by lovers of bulbous plants as an ornamental plant, which is much easier to cultivate than the other members of the genus Acis. With light protection, it is sufficiently frost-hardy even in the milder regions of Germany and quickly forms small stands at suitable locations through seeds and / or daughter onions. It can be found in collections among connoisseurs and enthusiasts worldwide.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Pacific Bulb Society | Acis autumnalis. Retrieved September 17, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Acis autumnalis - Rare Plants. Retrieved September 17, 2018 (UK English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Acis autumnalis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed July 31, 2019.
- ↑ Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean and Alpine flora. : Acis - data sheet with photos and identification key
- ↑ Acis autumnalis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 31, 2019.
- ↑ MD Lledó, AP Davis, MB Crespo, MW Chase, MF Fay: Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid mat K and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 246, Issue 3-4, 2004, pp. 223-243. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-004-0152-0
