Crowberry-leaved barberry
| Crowberry-leaved barberry | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crowberry-leaved barberry ( Berberis empetrifolia ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Berberis empetrifolia | ||||||||||||
| Lam. ex Poir. |
The Krähenbeerblättrige barberry or crowberry (s) -Berberitze ( Berberis empetrifolia ) is a plant from the family of Barberry (Berberidaceae). It comes from South America (Central Chile to Tierra del Fuego ). It was described in 1792 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in Tableau encyclopédique . It gets its botanical name because of its leaves, which are similar to those of the crowberry species ( Empetrum ).
description
The crowberry-leaved barberry is a prostrate, evergreen shrub that only reaches heights of growth of up to 0.6 meters. The bark of the annual and biennial twigs is yellowish to reddish brown, angular, glabrous and often frosted; the bark of perennial branches is gray, furrowed and more or less flaky-cracked. The one to three-part thorns are light brown and 0.3 to 1.8 centimeters long.
The linear foliage leaves sit on stems up to 2.5 millimeters long, are sometimes curved, coarse, prickly, 0.5 to 2 centimeters long and 1 to 1.2 millimeters wide, dull dark green on the top and light green on the underside. The leaf margins are rolled down so that they almost touch each other and give the leaves a needle-like appearance, and they also have more or less hair-like papillae , which protect the cavity created by the curling of the leaf margins against excessive perspiration. These are adaptations to the high altitude and to the dry, windy locations where this plant lives on the Strait of Magellan , in Patagonia and in the Andes ( xerophilia ).
The golden yellow flowers are 3 to 5 millimeters in size and stand individually or in pairs on 2 to 14 millimeter long stems and contain 12 to 17 bracts . The spherical fruits are black-blue and frosted, 4 to 7 millimeters in size and contain one to nine seeds about 3 to 4 millimeters long.
This species blooms in its homeland from November to January (in Central Europe in May) and produces fruit from December to March.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence
In Chile this species is found from the Andes of the Región de Coquimbo and in Argentina from the Andes of the province of Mendoza to Tierra del Fuego in the south of both countries. It rises from sea level to 3000 meters above sea level. In South America this species is called zarcilla , monte negro and uva de la cordillera .
use
This type of plant is rarely used as a hedge and ornamental shrub. All parts of the plant except for the berries of the crowberry-leaved barberry are, like most barberries, poisonous.
Hybrids
The narrow-leaved barberry ( Berberis × stenophylla hort.) Is a hybrid of the crowberry-leaved barberry and Darwin's barberry .
Natural hybrids with Berberis montana and Berberis grevilleana are also known.
Synonyms
There are the following synonyms for the crowberry-leaved barberry :
- Berberis empetrifolia var. Magellanica C.K. Schneid.
- Berberis mutabilis Phil.
- Berberis revoluta Sm. Ex DC.
- Berberis wawrana C.K. Schneid .
swell
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe 2nd edition. Volume IV / 1. Part, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1958.
- Jost Fitschen (welcomed), Franz H. Meyer, Ulrich Hecker, Hans Rolf Höster, Fred-Günter Schroeder: Woody flora. 11th ext. and corr. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01268-7 .
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods . 2nd Edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-4832-3 .
- Camillo Karl Schneider : Illustrated manual of hardwood science. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1906.
- Georg Tischler : The Berberidaceae and Podophyllaceen. Attempt of a morphological-biological monograph. In: Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history and plant geography. Volume 31, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1902.
- Leslie R. Landrum: Revision of Berberis (Berberidaceae) in Chile and Adjacent Southern Argentina. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 86, No. 4, 1999.
- Leslie R. Landrum: Berberidaceae . In: Flora de Chile . tape 2 , no. 2 , 2003.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Berberis empetrifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
