Morobbia power station
| Morobbia power station | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 721 879 / 114179 | |
| country |
 Switzerland
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| place | Bellinzona municipality in the Morobbia Valley |
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| Waters | Lago di Carmena ( Morobbia , Melirolo), Valmaggina | |
| Height upstream | 264.6 m above sea level M. | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | Azienda Multiservizi Bellinzona (AMB) | |
| Start of operation | 1903 1972 (after renovation) |
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| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 15 megawatts | |
| Average height of fall |
378 m | |
| Expansion flow | 5 m³ / s | |
| Standard work capacity | 47.40 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | 1903: 3 × Pelton turbines from 1908: 4 × Pelton turbines from 1972: 1 × Pelton turbine 1 × Francis turbine |
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| Generators | 1903: 3 × synchronous generator from 1908: 4 × synchronous generator from 1972: 2 × synchronous generator |
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| Others | ||
| Website | AMB | |
| was standing | 2018 | |
The power plant Morobbia ( Italian Impianto idroelettrico della Morobbia ) is a high pressure - hydropower plant in the municipality of Ticino City Bellinzona that the Lago di Carmena used as storage week. The headquarters of the power plant is located in Giubiasco and returns the water to the Ticino . The system is operated by the Azienda Multiservizi Bellinzona , the municipal utility of Bellinzona and provides around 14% of the city's electrical energy needs.
history
After Faido , Lugano and Airolo , Bellinzona was only the fourth place in Ticino with a power supply. The power plant in the Valle di Gorduno went into operation on February 1, 1891 and mainly supplied electricity for public lighting. After a short time it was no longer able to meet the electricity needs, which is why the city decided in 1898 to build a larger power plant that uses the hydropower of the Morobbia.
The Morobbia power station was designed by the engineer Fulgenzio Bonzanigo , who came from an important Como family who had lived in Bellinzona since the late Middle Ages . After the canton of Ticino had granted the concession for the power plant, the city government approved a loan of 940,000 francs for the construction of the plant in November 1900 . This started operation on January 1, 1903 under the direction of the Azienda elettrica comunale Bellinzona (AECB), the municipal power station . The actual construction costs were 1,250,000 francs. Eight employees were required to operate and monitor the power plant.
Bellinzona's first power plant in the Valle di Gorduno was no longer needed by the city and was therefore sold to Linoleum SA in Giubiasco - a forerunner of the later Forbo . The linoleum manufacturer used the facility until 1932.
In 1918, the municipality of Bellinzona approved the construction of a balancing reservoir ( seven hundred and twenty-two thousand three hundred ninety-seven / 113599 ) on the Piano dei Cavalli above Camorino . In 1935 a second pressure pipeline was built and a non-public funicular was built along it, which was used for construction and maintenance work.
Between 1949 and 1951, the last section of the pressure tunnel had to be rebuilt due to a landslide . The approximately one kilometer long section between the Valle di Verona and the Piano dei Cavalli had to be rebuilt, with a route higher up in a geologically better zone. In general, the existing power plant was in need of renovation. Much was worn out and could no longer be operated safely. In addition, the existing system was no longer able to meet the city's increased demand, so that it was increasingly forced to buy electricity. At the end of the 1950s, the city worked out various projects to convert and increase the output of the power plant. Various projects were developed, including one called Grande Morobbia , which would also have used the water from the Valle di Arbedo, the Valmaggina and the Vedeggio flowing in the Val d'Isone . Due to technical and expected political difficulties in the implementation of this project, it was not implemented and the Morobbia maggiorata project was implemented instead .
As part of the project, the run-of-river power plant was provided with a weekly storage tank in the form of Lake Carmena. In addition to the dam, the pressure tunnel, the pressure line and the machine groups in the headquarters had to be replaced. The section that had already been renovated in 1951 could also be used for the new pressure tunnel. The pressure line was rebuilt about 100 m north of the existing one. The project was supervised by the Lombardi engineering office . The lake with the dam was put into operation together with the renewed power station on March 22, 1972.
technology
The power plant uses the gradient in the Valle Morobbia - a side valley of the Ticinos, which flows into the Magadino plain at Giubiasco . The Morobbia rises at the Mottone di Giumello and takes in many tributaries up to the Magadino plain, especially from the left side of the valley. A 34 km² catchment area is used. The headquarters of the power plant is in Giubiasco near the Valle di Loro.
Power plant from 1903
The system from 1903 did not have a dam, but only a water intake at Carmena below Sant'Antonio near the Moneda Bridge. After the gravel and sand separator, the water was fed to a pressure tunnel hewn into the rock, which followed the left side of the valley. The side valleys Vallemaggina and Valle Verona were each crossed with an aqueduct, whereby the water from the Vallemaggina was also discharged into the pressure tunnel. The pressure line consisted of welded rolled steel pipes with an inner diameter of 700 mm in the upper part and 600 mm in the lower part.
At the start of operations there were three Pelton turbines with an output of 660 hp in the headquarters , a fourth Pelton turbine with double buckets for an output of 680 hp was installed in 1908. The four generators generated three-phase alternating current with a voltage of 5.3 kV and a frequency of 50 Hz. By 1928, the output of the existing turbines was increased to 700 HP and another turbine with an output of 1800 HP was installed, so that the entire system had one output had 4600 hp.
In 1955 a 5 MW Pelton turbine with a speed of 500 min −1 was installed.
Power plant from 1972
The power plant from 1903 was supplemented with the Lago di Carmena , which serves as a weekly storage facility. As a result, the annual production could be increased from 25 GWh to 41 GWh. The already renovated part of the pressure tunnel and the machine house were taken over from the old system. The new pressure tunnel has a total length of 4120 m. The old pressure line no longer met the safety requirements. It was replaced by a new one north of the existing one, 1080 m long.
With the exception of the Pelton turbine installed in 1955, all machine groups were removed and replaced by a 10 MW Francis turbine with a speed of 1500 min −1 .
Situation map
See also
literature
- Pubblicazione commemorativa del 25 anniversario della fondazione della Società degli Ingegneri ed Architetti nel cantone Ticino . 1909, p. 304, 306, 307-312 (Italian).
- S. Herzog: The hydro-electrical system of the city of Bellinzona . In: Swiss Electrotechnical Journal . 1905, p. 361, 377, 385, 406 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Office for Energy SFOE (Ed.): Statistics of the hydropower plants in Switzerland . January 1, 2018 ( admin.ch - attachment number 301000). Statistics of the hydropower plants in Switzerland ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Alimentazione elettrica Bellinzona. In: Regional. Radiotelevisione Svizzera , 1972 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Graziano Tarilli: “La Via dell'acqua” in valle Morobbia . In: Terra ticinese . 40th year, no. 2 ( terraticinese.ch ).
- ^ A b c Léon W. Collet: The water forces of Switzerland . Part II: Exploited water power. Ed .: Swiss Department of the Interior, Department of Water Management. tape 4 , p. 308-309 .
- ^ Camorino Cantarelli. In: funicular railway catalog. standseilbahnen.ch
- ↑ G. Gendotti: Richiesta preliminare per il rinnovo della concessione della Morobbia al Comune di Bellinzona . July 1, 2004.
- ↑ Federal Office for Water Management (Ed.): Statistics on hydropower plants in Switzerland . Bern January 1, 1928, p. 332-333 .
- ↑ a b Federal Office for Water Management (Ed.): Statistics on hydropower plants in Switzerland . January 1, 1973, p. 184-185 .
- ↑ Produzione di elettricità. Azienda Multiservizi Bellinzona (AMB), accessed January 3, 2019 .
