Kraichgau archive

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The Kraichgau archive was the archive building of the Kraichgau knighthood at Sülmerstraße 40 in Heilbronn . The building was destroyed in the air raid on December 4, 1944 . A commercial building was built there after the war.

history

The harbor market with the Kraichgau archive around 1830
In the place of the Kraichgau archive there is now a commercial building on the Hafenmarkt

The knightly canton of Kraichgau acquired a house in the city of Heilbronn from Lieutenant Bieder in 1781, in which the archive and administration rooms were to be set up. However, since the purchase was made without the consent of the Heilbronn council, the acquisition was reversed. The knight Canton was even shown, "that Magistratus the Canton could never give our own house." . The Heilbronn council then negotiated with the Kraichgau directorate and decided to build a house for the canton on Heilbronner Hafenmarkt and to let it to them for 50 years. In February 1784 the council was given a cost estimate for the construction of the house and in April Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff was given the construction management.

The foundation stone was laid on May 15, 1784 . A quartz-shaped pinnacle plate with an inscription was placed in the foundation stone, and the plate was placed in a wooden capsule. In the spring of 1788 the building was completed. The final account drawn up by Roßkampff showed that the total construction costs amounted to 13,891 guilders and 46 Kreutzers. The foreman Johann Christoph Keller received 6,778 guilders and 55 Kreutzer for his masonry and stone carving work, while the foreman Bernhard Theodor Hofacker received 1,737 guilders and 6 Kreuzer for his carpentry work.

First, the canton of the Kraichgau knighthood rented the building to create an archive and administration. From 1812 to 1854, the Heilbronn post office (until 1851 Thurn-und-Taxis-Post ) was housed in the house. The deanery was later housed (1863/1893). After that, it was a city office building.

Badly damaged in the air raid on December 4, 1944 , the ruins were removed by December 14, 1948. The building was a listed building and on June 9, 1950, the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments removed it from the list of monuments. A capital with “braids” (festoons) was used as a door coronation in the new building . The post-war building was used by the Zimmermann clothing store for a long time, and it now houses a restaurant.

architecture

Exterior architecture

Originally in its place was the 7 × 7 m Roßmühl building, mentioned in 1450, made of half-timbering, in which there was a horse göpel for water exhaustion from 1559 to 1588 . After the construction of the neighboring Hafenmarktbrunnen , the Roßmühle fell and the property was undeveloped for a long time. From 1784 to 1788, the Kraichgau archive building was built as a new building on the same site.

Basic form

The basic shape was almost square, two-story and made entirely of stone.

pilaster

The facades after Sülmerstrasse, Karlstrasse and the port market showed ionizing pilasters that had capitals with “ braids ” ( festoons ). They rested on "smooth sandstone pedestals protruding strongly". The corner pilasters were made entirely of sandstone and were " cranked by the entablature ". The other pilasters were “bricked up and plastered”, only their base and capitals were made of sandstone. The pilasters supported a "strong, well-profiled" entablature .

window

The west facade on Sülmerstrasse was five-axis and had a window in “a plastered field between pilasters” (“ yoke ”). The other facades facing Karlstrasse and the Hafenmarkt were six-axis and had two windows in each yoke. The windows showed a profiled stone frame . The windows on the first floor were fitted with bars, while the windows on the upper floor had shutters . The windows of the mansard roof showed arched roofing and shutters.

portal

The portal was located in the central axis of the west facade (against Sülmerstrasse) and ended at the top at the height of the lintel. It had the same profiled stone frame as the windows and a horizontal roof . The portal also showed " plait style elements " as architectural decorations .

Interior design

The ground floor of the two-story house comprised a single vaulted room until it was destroyed. A three-armed, counter-rotating staircase was built into the spacious staircase . This consisted of sandstone from the ground floor to the first floor; after the second floor made of oak. On the inner cheek of the stairs an elaborately worked wrought-iron railing extended to the upper platform . Next to the stairwell was a forecourt with a door to the archive room. The door was of three-quarter columns in Tuscan order flanked on tall pedestals stood and an entablature with triglyphs fries contributed.

Art historical significance

Helmut Schmolz describes the house as an early classical secular building. Gossenberger thinks that the Kraichgau Archive makes an extremely monumental impression with "its calm, classic exterior architecture and its beautiful roof silhouette".

A picture was used by Eberhard Gossenberger in his work On the Heilbronner Profanbauten of the 18th century as a cover picture.

literature

  • Marianne Dumitrache / Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg . Volume 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 .
  • Alexander Renz / Susanne Schlösser: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn. Volume VI: 1945–1951, Heilbronn 1995.
  • Helmut Schmolz / Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . 3. Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1966 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 14)
  • Eberhard Gossenberger: Kraichgau Archive. In: ders: Heilbronn's secular buildings from the 18th century. A contribution to the art history of the city of Heilbronn , Stuttgart Technical University Dissertation v. August 9, 1917 [1923], pp. 39-41.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Gossenberger, p. 39
  2. ↑ Gossenberger, p. 39
  3. ↑ cf. Gossenberger, p. 40
  4. ↑ Dumitrache / Haag, Archäologischer Stadtkataster… , p. 94 [Roßmühle / archive building of the Kraichgauer Knighthood / post office / municipal office, removed]
  5. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945-1951. P. 288 and p. 398.
  6. ^ Heilbronn and the art of the 50s. Städtische Museen Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1993, p. 100, illustration no.133 Installation of the Hafenmarktbrunnen, 1955 (the new Zimmermann building can be seen in the background, with a preserved capital that was attached over the side entrance).
  7. ↑ Christhard Schrenk (ed.): The water supply of the city of Heilbronn , Heilbronn 1996, p. 92.
  8. ↑ a b Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), p. 43, no. 53 [Sülmerstrasse with Kraichgau archive towards the south, 1911]
  9. ↑ a b c d Gossenberger, p. 40.
  10. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), p. 43, No. 53 [Sülmerstrasse with Kraichgau archive towards the south, 1911]
  11. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), p. 43, No. 53 [Sülmerstrasse with Kraichgau archive towards the south, 1911]
  12. ↑ cf. Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), p. 43, no. 53 [Sülmerstrasse with Kraichgau archive towards the south, 1911]
  13. ↑ cf. Gossenberger, p. 40.
  14. ↑ cf. Gossenberger, p. 40.
  15. ↑ cf. Gossenberger, p. 41.
  16. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), p. 43, No. 53 [Sülmerstrasse with Kraichgau archive towards the south, 1911]
  17. ↑ Gossenberger, p. 40.
  18. ↑ http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?f=/_bin/img.php&imgf=/bilder/112288.jpg&

Web links

Commons : Kraichgauarchiv  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 35.7 ″  N , 9 ° 13 ′ 15.2 ″  E