Krajów (Krotoszyce)
| Krajów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Legnica | ||
| Gmina : | Krotoszyce | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 7 ' N , 16 ° 4' E | ||
| Residents : | 150 (2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 59-223 Krotoszyce | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 76 | ||
| License plate : | DLE | ||
Krajów (until 1945 German: Krayn , until 1913 Crayn , also Crain ) is one of the 14 districts of the rural community (gmina wiejska) Krotoszyce (until 1945 German: Kroitsch ) in the Legnicki powiat of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
Geographical location
The small village is located in the triangle between the cities of Legnica (German: Liegnitz ) in the northeast, Złotoryja (German: Goldberg ) in the west and Jawor (German: Jauer ) in the southeast about 2.5 km south of the core town of Krotoszyce. Via Krotoszyze and Wilczyce (German: Wildschütz ) it is 14 km to Legnica; to Złotoryja it is about 10 km via Łaźniki (German: Laasnig ); and after Jawor it is 15 km via Sichówek (German: Arnoldshof ) and Sichów (German: Seichau ). The nearest neighboring villages are, besides Krotoszyce in the north, Łaźniki about 2.5 km away in the west, Sichówek about 2 km away in the south and Winnica (German: vineyard ) about 1.5 km (as the crow flies) in the southeast.
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The village consists of two districts, the former Ober-Crayn and the former Nieder-Crayn about 500 m to the east with the former manor and manor . About 200 meters east of the former the manor runs the Nysa Szalona (German: Mad Neisse ) from south to north before about 5 km further north at Dunino (German: Dohnau) in the Kaczawa (German: Katz Bach ) opens .
history
Place name
The place was first mentioned as "Craiouve" in 1175 and appears in later documents, often written in Latin, under the Latinized names "Craiovo" and "Craevo" (1202), "Crajeuo" (1203), "Kraievo" ( 1217, 1218), "Craiov" (1220) and "Creyova" (1228). In 1316 the village is referred to as "Crajov" and "Craicov" and in 1369 as "Crayow". From the early 15th century, the place name was then Germanized: "Cray" (1418), "Crain" (1616), "Crayn" (1789) and "Krayn" (1830). Immediately after the end of the Second World War, it was then called "Krajowo" and "Krajewo", until the current spelling was introduced.
Ownership and management
In documents from the years 1175 and 1201 the property of Krajow is the since 1163 acting in Silesia Cistercians attributed to the Memorandum for her in 1175 Lubiąż Abbey received and the fact of Duke the Long Boleslaw were equipped with real estate and numerous privileges in space Legnica . A first farm in Krajów is said to have belonged to a knight named Dirsikrawa in the 12th century, and his sons gave it to the Leubus monks in 1175. The monastery sold it in 1230 to the prince and later Duke Heinrich the Pious . Later owners until the second half of the 16th century have only been handed down in fragments, such as the "long Ryme" (1369) who bought the estate from "Thamme Rymberg" and "Heyneman Ryme von Craye" (1470).
Towards the end of the 16th century, Georg von Schweinitz auf Kauder (1546–1596), son and heir of Georg Swentz auf Liebenau († 1567), bought the Crain estate, and until 1945 the place remained in the possession of members of his family. The Crain branch of the Schweinitz family received the Prussian count on September 13, 1748 from King Frederick the Great .
Soon after acquiring the estate, Georg von Schweinitz had a palace built in the Renaissance style . This castle of the lords and later counts of Schweinitz zu Crayn was considerably expanded around 1700 for the brothers Georg Hermann, regional chief judge, and Hans von Schweinitz, colonel, and provided with a new tiled roof; an inscription carved in stone above the portal testifies to this. The two-storey building with its steep pitched roof , made of bricks and quarry stone and plastered, was originally only one-winged, as can be seen from the length of the north wing (27.5 × 12.5 m base area) and the position of the portal in the middle of its south side at the angle of the both wings can be closed. The wing attached to the west at a right angle to the south is the shorter with 11 m length on the courtyard side - 4 m or the width of the portal section on the courtyard side shorter than the north wing.
On January 24, 1874, the previously independent manor district of Crayn and the rural community of Crayn (together with the rural communities of Bellwitzhof, Kroitsch, Schlauphof, Weinberg and Wildschütz and the manor districts of Bellwitzhof, Kroitsch and Schlauphof) were merged to form the newly formed district of Kroitsch . On September 30, 1928, the Krayn manor district was dissolved and incorporated into the rural municipality of Krayn, which in turn was renamed Krayn municipality on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the German municipal code of January 30, 1935. Until the end of the war, Krayn belonged to the district of Kroitsch.
The castle was considerably damaged in the final phase of the Second World War , and when the estate was converted by the Polish authorities into a " Państwowe gospodarstwo rolne " (PGR, German: "State Agricultural Company") after 1945 , the once counts' castle became residential barracks for Farm worker families. The stone alliance coat of arms above the portal, which no longer exists today , was probably knocked off back then.
On July 31, 1960, the now rather dilapidated castle was registered under the number A / 2991/701 in the register of immovable monuments in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The park belonging to it was also entered into the register on September 22, 1976 with the number A / 2992/482 / L. In 1964 the first, albeit limited, repairs were carried out. In the course of the dissolution of the PGRs in October 1991, the old palace came into the possession of the State Agency for Agricultural Property of the Ministry of Finance (“Agencja Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa” - AWRSP), which was established in July 2003 by the Agency for Agricultural Property (“Agencję Nieruchomości Rolnych "- ANR) was replaced. It is unclear who owns the building and the spacious stables and barns in the east and south-east of the former estate since the ANR was dissolved on September 1, 2017.
Residents
- 1840: 342
- 1910: 171
- 1933: 229
- 1939: 247
- 2011: 150
Battle of the Katzbach 1813
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During the Battle of the Katzbach - which was actually a battle of the Angry Neisse - on August 26, 1813, the French commander-in-chief, Marshal Jacques MacDonald , used the castle in Nieder-Crayn as his headquarters and the farm buildings of the estate as a field hospital. In front of the border wall at the entrance to the castle property, on the main street, there is a memorial stone with an inset plaque to commemorate this.
On the morning of August 26th, parts of the French infantry and cavalry crossed the Angry Neisse on the bridge in Nieder-Crayn and then moved on the right, eastern bank of the river to an approximate line from Nieder- and Ober-Weinberg and Gut Schlauphof in the southwest to Eichholz and Klein-Tinz in the northeast. When these troops fled back to the valley of the Angry Neisse in the afternoon under the force of the Prussian and Russian counterattack, a chaotic crowd broke out at the bridge in Nieder-Crayn. Because of the constant rains, the river led to torrential floods that overflowed its banks, and many of the refugees drowned or fell victim to the advancing Prussian and Russian cavalrymen and Silesian soldiers at the bridge or on the riverbank . A memorial on the east bank of the river near the bridge commemorates this.
Footnotes
- ↑ Konstanty Damrot: The older place names of Silesia, their origin and meaning: with an appendix on the Silesian-Polish personal names: Contributions to Silesian history and folklore. Published by Felix Kasprzyk, Beuthen iO, 1896, p. 129.
- ^ Colmar Grünhagen: Regesta on the Silesian history . Josef Max & Co., Breslau, 1866, p. 60.
- ↑ Konstanty Damrot: The older place names of Silesia, their origin and meaning: with an appendix on the Silesian-Polish personal names: Contributions to Silesian history and folklore. Published by Felix Kasprzyk, Beuthen iO, 1896, p. 129.
- ^ Colmar Grünhagen: Regesta on the Silesian history . Josef Max & Co., Breslau, 1866, p. 98
- ↑ Konstanty Damrot: The older place names of Silesia, their origin and meaning: with an appendix on the Silesian-Polish personal names: Contributions to Silesian history and folklore. Published by Felix Kasprzyk, Beuthen iO, 1896, p. 129.
- ^ Colmar Grünhagen: Regesta on the Silesian history . Josef Max & Co., Breslau, 1866, p. 145
- ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Schirrmacher (Ed.): Document book of the city of Liegnitz and its soft picture up to the year 1455. Liegnitz, 1866, p. 265 (1369. Oct. 20. Liegnitz)
- ↑ Fundacja historyczna Liegnitz.pl: Krajów - Krayn
- ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Schirrmacher (Ed.): Document book of the city of Liegnitz and its soft picture up to the year 1455 . Liegnitz, 1866, p. 265 (1369. Oct. 20. Liegnitz)
- ↑ Fundacja historyczna Liegnitz.pl: Krajów - Krayn
- ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adelslexicon . tape 4 . Reichenbach brothers, Leipzig 1837, p. 202–203 ( online at Google Books ).
- ↑ Fundacja historyczna Liegnitz.pl: Krajów - Krayn
- ^ Rolf Jehke: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874-1945
- ^ According to the people's own estate in the GDR .
- ↑ Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa: Rejestr zabytków nieruchomych woj. Dolno-śląskiego , p. 93
- ↑ Johann G. Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal. prussia. Province of Silesia. 2nd edition, Graß, Barth & Co., Breslau, 1845, p. 82
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Krajów - Krayn. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Krayn, Crayn, Krajów, World Association for Computer Genealogy
- ↑ The 87 municipalities of the Liegnitz district (1939) with population figures and today's Polish place names
