Schweinitz (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those von Schweinitz

Schweinitz is the name of a noble Silesian family . The lords of Schweinitz, who belonged to the Lower Silesian nobility , later also acquired property and reputation in Bohemia , Moravia and Upper Lusatia . Counts as well as untitled branches of the family still exist today.

history

origin

According to an old tradition, the family came from the Duchy of Merania . Together with other noble families, members of the family with Hedwig von Andechs , daughter of Duke Berthold von Meranien , are said to have come to Silesia at the end of the 12th century . Hedwig, who was later canonized, married Duke Heinrich von Schlesien in 1186 . Older literature also suggests a Slavic - Polish ancestry.

David von Schweinitz
(* 1600; † 1667)
Lewis David von Schweinitz
(* 1780; † 1834)
Hans Lothar von Schweinitz
(* 1822; † 1901)

The family is first mentioned in a document on March 12, 1290 with Johannes de Suentcza . He appears as a knight of Duke Konrad von Sagan in tiny . The family line begins with Hans von Swencz auf Klein-Schweinitz, who is mentioned in documents between 1387 and 1393. The parent company that gave its name was Gut Klein-Schweinitz in the Duchy of Liegnitz , which was also one of the oldest (since 1304) of the family.

The spelling of the name varies from Schwenze , Schwenz , Swentz , Schwentz and Schwynig . It was not until the beginning of the 16th century with Chrispoh II († 1538), initially guardian and government councilor of Duke Friedrich II of Liegnitz , later governor of Glogau , state elder and counselor of King Ferdinand I , that Schweinitz became common.

Expansion and possessions

Jacob von Schwenz was councilor to Duchess Anna of Liegnitz and Brieg around 1320, and Platzka von Schwenz became ducal councilor at the court of Liegnitz and Brieg in 1368. Hans von Schwenz, Lord of Seifersdorf and son of the progenitor of the same name , was in 1436 the guardianship of Prince Friedrich von Liegnitz. Franz, Lord of Hell, was ducal Brieger council and district judge in 1483 .

During the Thirty Years' War was Georg Hermann von Schweinitz (* 1602) Colonel and Military Council . After being appointed city ​​commander of Freiberg by the Saxon elector Johann Georg , he defended the important city against the Swedes. He was a member of the Fruit Bringing Society under the name "Der Bringende" and died in 1668 as the commander of Breslau .

In the course of time, numerous houses and branches were formed, including the houses in Seifersdorf and Petersdorf of the main line, which in turn formed the branches in Tscheplau, Groß-Kriechen, Pohlschildern, Dürschwitz and Andersdorf, Mühlrädlitz, Kutscheborwitz, Klieschau, Wiltsch, Jaenowitz and Pilgramsdorf justified. In addition to these regular estates, the Hölle, Würtsch, Döhnau, Tinz, Johnsdorf, Langenwaldau, Liebenau, Stelzenberg, Kroitsch , Krayn (Crayn), Hänchen, Kauder, Royn , Schmochwitz and Raischmannsdorf im Liegnitzschen estates were temporarily owned or partially owned by the family. Later the lords of Niebusch, Dieban, Stephansdorf, Berghof, Alt-Raudten, Nieder-Adelsdorf and Braunau could also be acquired. In the middle of the 18th century, the Schweinitzer family in Seifersdorf, Groß- und Klein-Kriechen, Dürschwitz, Liebenau and Krayn (Crayn) in Liegnitzschen, in Kutscheborwitz in Wohlauschen , in Kauder in Schweidnitzschen and in Niederleuba and Friedrichsdorf in Upper Lusatia owned .

Friedrich von Schweinitz (1771–1848), named von Schlichting and Bukowiec, a Prussian lieutenant colonel , came from the line of the count . D. His first marriage in 1797 was Helene von Schlichting-Buckowick (divorced in 1807) and his second marriage in 1820 was Antonie von Lichnowskiy and Woschütz . The couple had three sons. His brother Julius I. Graf von Schweinitz († 1833) married Friederieke vom Berge und Herrendorf. Their son Julius II, Count von Schweinitz and Crayn, Baron von Kauder, became majorate of the Dieban, Grossendorf, Kreischau, Neudort and Porschwitz estates in the former Steinau district and the Gugelwitz estate in the Lüben district in Lower Silesia. His brothers were: (i) Count Friedrich von Schweinitz (1795–1866), Prussian major a. D., owned the majorates in Hausdorf, Kauder, Nieder-Wolmsdorf and Preisdorf in the Bolkenhain district , Crayn in the Liegnitz district and Hänchen (Haenichen) in the Jauer district . He was made a member of the Prussian mansion for life and married Melanie von Troschke in 1837, co-owner of the free minority rule Sulau in Silesia; (ii) Count Rudolph von Schweinitz (1797–1838), who married Julie von Troschke, a co-owner of the free minority rule Sulau, in 1826; and (iii) and Count Hermann von Schweinitz (* 1799), Chief President of the Court of Appeal in Posen . Another brother, Count Heinrich von Schweinitz (* 1800), became the Hanoverian Oberbergrat with the Clausthal Mining Authority ; his marriage to Emilie Struve in 1834 resulted in four sons.

In the middle of the 19th century came Julius von Schweinitz, lord of Ober-Bögendorf in the district of Schweidnitz, and Louis von Schweinitz, lord of Alt-Raudten and Wandritsch in the district of Steinau, lieutenant a. D., country elder and provost to Barschau.

A family association of the Counts and Lords of Schweinitz was founded in Berlin on March 5, 1904 .

Status surveys

From the Krayn line, Julius von Schweinitz and Krayn came to Ober- and Nieder-Kauder and Crayn, Prussian chamberlain , who on November 6, 1741 in Breslau by Friedrich II. (Frederick the Great) became a Prussian baron with the title “Freiherr von Kauder ”was raised. On September 13, 1748 in Berlin, Friedrich II raised him to the rank of Count of Prussia . His grandson Friedrich Graf von Schweinitz and Krayn married Caroline Freiin von Schlichting and Bukowiec, the heir of Fideikommiss Gurschen, on April 4, 1797 , and received a Prussian name and coat of arms association in Berlin on June 2, 1797 with those of the Barons von Schlichting as " Graf von Schweinitz, Baron von Schlichting ”.

From the Leuba line, Hermann von Schweinitz, Saxon general of the infantry , together with his cousins, the brothers Paul, Saxon lieutenant colonel and Ludwig von Schweinitz, Saxon major, were entered in the royal Saxon nobility register on September 16, 1913 under the number 464.

From the Rudelsdorf line, Hans Friedrich von Schweinitz on Rudelsdorf and Jägerndorf received the old Bohemian gentry in Vienna on November 28, 1726 .

Georg Rudolph von Schweinitz auf Seifersdorf und Sorge came from the Seifersdorf line and was elevated to the status of Bohemian baron in Vienna on April 29, 1683. He received a Brandenburg confirmation as electoral Brandenburg court and chamber councilor on May 12, 1685.

From the Tscheplau line came Melchior von Schweinitz auf Tscheplau and his nephew Hans Christoph von Schweinitz, son of his brother Hans Christoph, who died in 1698, who were elevated to the bohemian baron status in Vienna on December 20, 1698. Hans Christoph's brother Hans Sigismund von Schweinitz on Hausdorf and Melschkau received the Bohemian baron status on May 3, 1724 at Laxenburg . Carl Friedrich von Schweinitz auf Tscheplau, Prussian chamberlain, who also came from this line, was raised to the rank of Count of Prussia in Breslau on November 6, 1741.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms is divided into red, black and silver. On the helmet with red-black-silver helmet covers , two buffalo horns labeled like the shield .

Historical coats of arms

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Schweinitz (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 8, pp. 401-404.
  2. ^ Colmar Grünhagen : Silesian Regests. No. 2131.
  3. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume XIII, Volume 128 of the complete series, pp. 216-218.
  4. Liegnitz city archive. No. 242, IV, p. 18.
  5. ^ New Prussian nobility lexicon. Volume 4, pp. 202-203.
  6. ^ Biography of Georg Hermann von Schweinitz.
  7. zeit.de
  8. Obituary (pdf)