Dalmatian carassari
| Dalmatian carassari | ||||||||||
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Krauskopfarassari ( Pteroglossus beauharnaesii ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Pteroglossus beauharnaesii | ||||||||||
| Wagler , 1832 |
The Krauskopfarassari ( Pteroglossus beauharnaesii ) is a species of bird from the toucan family (Ramphastidae). It was first described in 1832 by Johann Georg Wagler . The range of the species covers large parts of the southwest Amazon lowlands south of the Amazon. The food that is mostly sought in the treetops consists mainly of fruits, the way of life is otherwise still largely unknown. The Krauskopfarassari is not considered common and the population seems to be declining, but overall the IUCN still classifies the species as (= least concern ) due to its very large distribution area .
features
Krauskopfarassaris are medium-sized Arassaris with a relatively short beak and a very long tail. The animals are 42–46 cm long and weigh 164–280 g. The sexual dimorphism is low, females have a shorter beak than males. The upper back and rump are red, the rest of the upper side is dark green. The throat fletching is yellowish white with shiny black feather tips. A broad, bright red transverse band with something black stretches across the lower breast, the rest of the underside of the torso and the under tail-coverts are yellow.
The black feathers on the top of the head, which have been transformed into curved horn platelets and look like curled plastic strips, are very striking . The bare skin around the eyes is blue, the ruby-red skin behind and above the eye is often covered by feathers. The iris is red. Unlike most Arassaris, the upper beak is darker than the lower beak. The upper beak is brown on the sides near the base, bluish above and brownish-orange on the ridge. The lower bill is whitish, the tips of both halves of the beak are also brownish orange.
distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the Krauskopfarassaris covers large parts of the southwest Amazon lowlands south of the Amazon. It extends in a west-east direction from northern Peru south of the Rio Marañón to the northeast to the south of the central Brazilian state of Pará , to the southeast in a narrow zone to the headwaters of the upper Rio Xingu . To the south, the area extends into northern and central Bolivia with the Departamento Pando and the Departamento Cochabamba , and to the north of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso .
The species inhabits the tropical rainforest of the lowlands in both dry and swampy areas. The animals occur mainly at heights below 500 m, occasionally up to 900 m.
Systematics
The Krauskopfarassari is a monotypical species, no subspecies are recognized. When he grouped the genus Pteroglossus into superspecies, Haffer considered the species P. beauharnaesii as a separate community of descent. However, according to a molecular genetic investigation, the closest relative of the Krauskopfarassari is the Red-necked Tarassari ( P. bitorquatus ).
Way of life
The animals are observed almost exclusively in groups of 3 to 12 individuals. They primarily look for food in the treetops, in bushes or on clear-cuts, but only at a height of one to two meters. Little is known about food so far, it apparently consists mainly of fruits of figs and trees of the genus Ocotea . In addition, the animals also eat eggs and young birds, possibly especially during the breeding season to meet the young birds' protein needs.
The breeding season probably extends from May to August, rarely until November or even into February. Courtship includes deep bows and shouts as well as pursuit leaps. The species may breed in groups. All other aspects of brood biology are unknown; So far there have been no nest or clutch findings, and no information on the breeding or nestling time is available.
Existence and endangerment
There is no information on the size of the world population. The Krauskopfarassari is not considered common and the population seems to be declining, but overall the IUCN classifies the species as harmless due to its very large distribution area ("least concern"). Peru lists the Krauskopfarassari as a kind of warning list ("near threatened").
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A.C. Lees, C. Peres, 2008: A range extension for Curl-crested Aracari ( Pteroglossus beauharnaesii ): implications for avian contact zones in central Amazonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologist's Club 128: pp. 53-54. ( PDF, online )
- ↑ Jürgen Haffer: About super species in birds. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Vienna 88/89 B, 1986: pp. 147–166 ( PDF, online )
- ↑ Jessica R. Eberhard, Eldredge Bermingham: Phylogeny and comparative biogeography of Pionopsitta parrots and Pteroglossus toucans. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36, 2005: pp. 288–304 ( PDF, online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )
- ↑ Especies de fauna amenazada del Peru: Especies de fauna silvestre casi amenazado (NT) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English, accessed July 14, 2010)
literature
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John Gould and Henry Constantine Richter : A Monograph of the Ramphastidae, or Family of Toucans , London 1854
- New edition with 51 color plates and a foreword by Jonathan Elphick , Taschen, Köln 2011 ISBN 978-3-8365-0524-6
- Steven L. Hilty, William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0691083728 : p. 326
- Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott and Jordi Sargatal (eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 6: Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, 2001, ISBN 978-84-87334-30-6 , p. 266.
Web links
- Pteroglossus beauharnaesii onthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Pteroglossus beauharnaesii in the Internet Bird Collection
Other web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Pteroglossus beauharnaesii in the Internet Bird Collection