Crown growth flower

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Crown growth flower
Crown growth flower (Glebionis coronaria var. Coronaria)

Crown growth flower ( Glebionis coronaria var. Coronaria )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Glebionis
Type : Crown growth flower
Scientific name
Glebionis coronaria
( L. ) Cass. ex Spach

The crown growth flower ( Glebionis coronaria ) is a species of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Cultivars are also Garland Chrysanthemum , Salatchrysantheme or Speisechrysantheme called.

description

The crown growth flower grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 80 cm. The lower leaves are sessile, the upper ones with an eyelet base encompassing the stems. The leaf blades have an elongated to obovate outline, are mostly 3 to over 5.5 cm long and 1.5 to over 3 cm wide and deep, double pinnate with lanceolate, toothed, pointed end sections.

The individual flower heads have a diameter of 3 to 6 centimeters. The outer egg-shaped bracts are blunt and have a brown, outside translucent edge. The tubular and ray florets are yellow. The ray-florets have elongated to linear, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long tongues.

The ribbed achenes are 2.5 to 3 mm long and have no pappus . The fruits of the ray-florets are triangular with somewhat winged edges; those of the tubular flowers are square but laterally compressed, the side facing the axis often with a wing tapering into a tooth at the tip.

The flowering time depends on the local climatic conditions; it ranges, for example, in eastern Andalusia from September to July.

The crown growth flower is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 18.

Systematics

Cup- shaped inflorescences of Glebionis coronaria var. Discolor

This species was in 1753 by Linnaeus under the name Chrysanthemum coronarium L. in Species Plantarum first published . It was originally a type species of the genus Chrysanthemum until a proposal to preserve the name and its type in favor of the economically more important garden chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum ), which would have fallen out of a narrow version of the genus Chrysanthemum , was published, and this was accepted three years later .

The name Glebionis coronaria , which is now valid instead , was published by Édouard Spach in 1841 after Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini . Another application for conservation had to be made because in 1981 a specimen of the overgrowth flower ( Glebionis segetum ) had been specified as the lectotype for Chrysanthemum coronarium .

Synonyms for Glebionis coronaria ( L. ) Cass. ex Spach are Pinardia coronaria ( L. ) Less. , Xanthophthalmum coronarium ( L. ) PDSell , Chrysanthemum coronarium var. Spatiosum L.H.Bailey , Chrysanthemum spatiosum ( LHBailey ) LHBailey , Glebionis roxburghii ( Desf. ) Tzvelev , Chrysanthemum roxburghii Desf.

There are two varieties that are often mixed in varying proportions:

  • Glebionis coronaria var. Coronaria : The ray-flowers are dark yellow.
  • Glebionis coronaria var. Discolor ( d'Urv. ) Turland : The ray-florets are dark yellow only in the base half and pale yellow in the tip half.

Occurrence

Mass population of Glebionis coronaria in Israel

The natural range covers the entire Mediterranean area (except Albania and Bulgaria, including Malta), east to Iran and Pakistan. It is probably only naturalized in the Canaries, safe in the Azores and Madeira. The species is still naturalized, for example, in southern North America (California, Arizona, Florida) and in western Australia. There are also inconsistent occurrences of garden refugees in Central and Northern Europe.

The crown growth flower is a characteristic and common part of Mediterranean ruderal vegetation , where it often forms mass populations.

use

In Southeast and East Asia, and formerly also in Italy, the fresh leaves are mainly consumed as vegetables. The plant parts contain vitamins, calcium and folic acid. In China, the herb is used for indigestion, stomach pain and coughs. In India, the whole plant is used to treat gonorrhea . The canopy is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens.

Common names

The other common German-language names exist or existed for the Kronenwucherblume : Goldblume and Cretan Goldblume.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Robert Desmond Meikle : Flora of Cyprus. Volume Two (Valerianaceae to Polypodiaceae) . Bentham-Moxon Trust & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London 1985, ISBN 0-9504876-4-3 , pp. 921 .
  2. ↑ a b c Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: What blooms on the Mediterranean? 750 species (=  Kosmos nature guide ). 4th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10211-4 .
  3. ↑ a b c d John L. Strother: Glebionis coronaria . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 555 (English, online ).
  4. ↑ a b Gerhard Wagenitz (Ed.): Illustrated Flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum).
  5. ↑ a b G. Blanca: Glebionis Cass. In: G. Blanca, B. Cabezudo, M. Cueto, C. Fernández López & C. Morales Torres (eds.), Flora Vascular de Andalucía Oriental 4. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 2009, p. 370 (PDF file) .
  6. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 890, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D890%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  7. ↑ Piers Trehane: (1172) Proposal to conserve Chrysanthemum L. with a conserved type (Compositae). In: Taxon. Vol. 44, No. 3, 1995, pp. 439-441, JSTOR 1223427 .
  8. ^ RK Brummitt (Ed.): Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 46. In: Taxon. Volume 47, No. 2, 1998, p. 443, JSTOR 1223777 .
  9. ↑ Édouard Spach : Histoire Naturelle des Végétaux. Phanérogames. Volume 10, 1841, p. 181, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F31486288~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D .
  10. ^ A b c Nicholas J. Turland: (1647) Proposal to conserve the name Chrysanthemum coronarium (Compositae) with a conserved type. In: Taxon. Volume 53, No. 4, 2004, pp. 1072-1074 (PDF file).
  11. ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore): Glebionis coronaria . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
  12. ^ Glebionis coronaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  13. ^ A b S. M. Haslam, PD Sell, PA Wolseley: A Flora of the Maltese Islands. Msida (Malta) 1977, p. 333.
  14. ^ M. Qaiser, R. Khan: Chrysanthemum . In: SI Ali, M. Qaiser (Ed.): Flora of Pakistan. Volume 207. Asteraceae (I) - Anthemideae. Karachi 2002, p. 46 (online).
  15. ↑ FloraBase - Flora of West Australia.
  16. ↑ a b c d O. Isaac: Chrysanthemum. In: W. Blaschek, R. Hänsel, K. Keller, J. Reichling, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (Eds.): Hagers Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Follow-up volume 2. Drugs A – K. 5th completely revised edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 3-540-61618-7 , pp. 358-360.
  17. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 94 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Kronenwucherblume ( Glebionis coronaria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files