Cattle rows

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kuhreihen (also Kühreihen , Kuhreigen and Kühreigen , French tolerance of vaches ) is a genus of shepherds songs, with those in the Swiss Alps and higher plateau sooner the cows for milking were attracted.

history

The oldest surviving row of cows is purely instrumental: The “Appenzeller Kureien Lobe lobe”, which was set in two voices by Georg Rhau in 1545 in his Bicinia Gallica, Latina et Germanica . Instruments for cattle rows were the alphorn , shawm and bagpipe .

Melodies and lyrics from before 1800 are documented from the Emmental , Oberhasli , Entlebuch and Simmental . In the Franco-Provençal- speaking Gruyère region in the canton of Friborg these songs are called Ranz des vaches . There, too, they contain the reputation Lîoba por aria! («Cows, come to be milked!») And the names of individual cows. The word praise for “cow” is common to the Alemannic and Romance Alpine dialects - Richard Weiss (Swiss Folklore) assumed pre-Indo-European origin. To this day, in some places in Switzerland the cows are called Loobe or, in the diminutive form, Loobeli .

The doctor Johannes Hofer in his description of the Swiss disease from 1688 De Nostalgia vulgo Homesickness or Heimsehnsucht reported that Swiss mercenaries ( rice walkers ) were afflicted with melancholy when they heard rows of cows and were prone to desertion .

Similar to the Zurich doctor Johann Scheuchzer , who wrote around 1718: "This evil is most of all common among the Schweitzers, and it is therefore called la maladie du Pais ". Scheuchzer reports that the officers of Swiss mercenaries in foreign services forbade them to play cattle rows or sing in order to prevent outbreaks of homesickness and desertion.

In 1798, the doctor Johann Gottfried Ebel wrote that even Helvetic cows fell ill with homesickness and would be presented with rows of cows when they were abroad: "They instantly throw their tails up in the air, break all fences and are wild and furious."

Following the Unspunnen Festival on August 17, 1805, the Kuhreihen experienced a popular upswing with the publication of eight "Schweizer-Kühreihen" by G. J. Kuhn and J. R. Wyss , who provided the songs with all sorts of romantic and "naive" stories about herding life. In the years 1812, 1818 and 1826 this collection was expanded. The fourth and final edition was intended for educated tourists with 76 piano-accompanied numbers and luxurious pictures.

An Appenzell cattle series was reproduced with notes in a reprint of Hofer's dissertation (Basel 1710) and reprinted again and again, among other things. a. in Rousseau's music lexicon (Paris 1768), but erroneously also in a minor version. This version became known throughout Europe through Joseph Weigl's Singspiel Die Schweizer Familie (Vienna 1809), and even Wyss printed it in 1826 after the version in Weigl's Singspiel. For Franz Liszt , Joachim Raff , Meyerbeer , Rossini and Richard Wagner this so-called Kuhreigen scene became the point of contact for their own compositions. As a result, other songs in this collection were corrupted in Swiss folk songs and served composers as inspiration. They influenced the Swiss-German yodelling song that emerged in the 19th century .

Tobler (1890) describes the Appenzeller Löckler as particularly musical: The herdsman on the Ebenalp has the cows drinking in the shortest possible time by starting with the syllables Hö, hä, ä ... with the highest tone that can be achieved in the chest voice and one chromatic downward sliding chain trill , through the heckling Chönd wäädli, wäädli, wäädli, wäädli! ("Come quickly!") Interrupted, let me hear.

Similar melody formulas for attracting cows have been used, e.g. a. Walloon and Norwegian shepherds.

See also

literature

  • Brigitte Bachmann-Geiser (Ed.): Swiss Kühreihen and folk songs. J. J. Burgdorfer, Bern 1826, Zurich 1979.
  • Max Peter Baumann:  Cattle rows. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, subject part, volume 5 (Kassel - Meiningen). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 1996, ISBN 3-7618-1106-3  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  • Max Peter Baumann: Cattle rows. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Fritz Frauchiger: The Swiss Kuhreihen. In: The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 54, No. 213/214, July-December 1941, pp. 121-131.
  • August Glück: The Kühreihen in J. Weigl's “ Swiss Family ”. A study. In: Vierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft 8 (1892), pp. 77–90.
  • Alfred Tobler: Kühreihen or Kühreigen, yodelling and yodelling song in Appenzell. Leipzig / Zurich 1890.
  • Till Gerrit Waidelich: The image of Switzerland in Austrian music of the 19th century (= New Year's paper of the General Music Society Zurich. Volume 190). Winterthur 2005.
  • Johann Rudolf Wyss (Ed.): Collection of Swiss Kühreihen and folk songs. Bern 1818.
  • Johann Rudolf Wyss (Hrsg.): Swiss Kühreihen and folk songs. Bern 1826.

Dictionaries

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ranz des vaches, Kuhreihen, Lioba
  2. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon, Volume III, Column 996, Article Lobe n ( digitized version ).