Cultural History Museum Görlitz
The Kulturhistorisches Museum Görlitz and the Upper Lusatian Library of Sciences (OLB) present themselves together as the “Görlitz Collections for History and Culture”. The Kulturhistorisches Museum presents its treasures in three listed objects - the Kaisertrutz , the Reichenbacher Turm , both at Platz des 17. Juni , and the baroque house at Neißstraße 30 . In total, the Museum of Cultural History counted over 38,000 visitors in 2017. In the previous year there were around 28,500 guests.
building
Kaisertrutz
The medieval assembly, consisting of the Kaisertrutz and the Reichenbacher Tower, is one of the striking city views. The large cannon bastion ( barbican ) was built by the Görlitzers from 1490 to protect the western city gate. In the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War , their Swedish occupiers “defied” the imperial and Electoral Saxon besiegers. The building, actually known as the Reichenbacher Rondell, has been named Kaisertrutz since 1641. In 1848 it was converted into the main guard of the Prussian garrison . The two high shield walls that were attached in 1521 and connected the Kaisertrutz with the Reichenbacher tower were removed. After the conversion to a museum, the departments of town history and prehistory and early history of Upper Lusatia of the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum moved into their place in Kaisertrutz. Since then, the Kaisertrutz has been used as a museum. After extensive renovation and implementation of the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition in 2011, the cultural-historical permanent exhibitions were rebuilt. At the end of 2014 the Galerie der Moderne will complete the exhibition building. (Location: 51 ° 9 ′ 16.5 ″ N , 14 ° 59 ′ 5.2 ″ E )
Reichenbacher Tower
In 1376, the Reichenbacher Tower was first mentioned in a document to protect the western city gate. From 1904 the bell rang electrically and the last keeper moved out of the room. Due to considerable damage, the tower had to be restored in 1935, and anchors were retracted for static protection. These anchors have been covering shields since 1936. They show the coats of arms of the countries to which Görlitz belonged in the course of its history, and of the member cities of the Upper Lusatian " Six Cities ", made by the Görlitz artist Arno Henschel . The tower has been open to the public since 1946. The building has been part of the cultural history museum since 1953. In good weather, the seasonally used Reichenbacher tower offers a wonderful panoramic view, at the same time the exhibition provides information on the history of the Görlitz city fortifications and city defense, the rifle society, tower clocks and the life of the Görlitz towers. (Location: 51 ° 9 ′ 17.18 ″ N , 14 ° 59 ′ 7.44 ″ E )
Baroque house at Neißstrasse 30
In the heart of the old town, directly on the more than 900 year old trade route via regia, is the baroque house Neißstraße 30. Built between 1726 and 1729 based on the model of the "Leipziger Durchhaueses" for the merchant Johann Christian Ameiß with large business and representative private rooms, applies it is now the most important trading and residential building of the Baroque era in Görlitz. It has long been the spiritual center of Upper Lusatia. The Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences, founded in 1779, had its seat here from 1804 to 1945. Since 1951 the house has been part of the municipal museum. After extensive renovation, the historic rooms of the Upper Lusatian Science Library on the 1st floor and the exhibition on the collections and work of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences on the 2nd floor were reopened in 2011. A good year later, the master's former living quarters and the baroque collection cabinets were made accessible to the public again. The house, including the permanent exhibitions, gives an authentic impression of the bourgeois culture of the baroque in Görlitz and Upper Lusatia. (Range: 51 ° 9 '22.94 " N , 14 ° 59' 30.61" O )
Museum history
In 1726, the Schweidnitz lawyer Johann Gottlieb Milich donated his extensive library with a collection of rarities to the Görlitz magistrate. Both are made available to the public in the town hall. The collections will later be placed in the stock exchange. In 1779 representatives of the Upper Lusatian aristocracy and the bourgeoisie founded one of the oldest German learned societies in Görlitz. The initiators Karl Gottlob von Anton and Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf donate their private collections of books, graphics, scientific instruments, models as well as stone and coin collections to the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences . In 1803 Karl Gottlob bought the residential and trading house at Neißstrasse 30 from Anton as a domicile for the company. In 1873 the Municipal Museum of Antiquity and Art was founded. It mainly houses archaeological finds, objects from the municipal armory and evidence of the Görlitz guilds .
In 1888 Ludwig Feyerabend founded the Society for Anthropology and Prehistory of Upper Lusatia in Görlitz . In 1902 the Upper Lusatian memorial hall , today's Dom Kultury in Zgorzelec , Poland , was inaugurated. In 1903 the Kaiser Friedrich Museum was founded in the Oberlausitz Memorial Hall and opened in 1904. The first museum director is called Ludwig Feyerabend. In addition to a picture gallery, mainly arts and crafts, archaeological and local history exhibits are on display. In 1932, after renovations, the Kaisertrutz was opened as a museum with the departments of town history and prehistory. In the same year, the graphical cabinet was set up in the baroque building at Neißstraße 30 with holdings from the city museum, the Milich library and the Upper Lusatian Society. In 1936 the museum was renamed "Städtische Kunstsammlungen".
In 1943 and 1944 the cultural assets of the city of Görlitz are relocated to rural areas. Only part of the collection returns to Görlitz after the war. Museum work in Görlitz is resumed in 1947. In 1948 the Kaisertrutz is reopened with a different exhibition. In 1951 the baroque house at Neißstraße 30 , which until it was closed in 1945, housed the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences , is opened as the second house of the new municipal museum. In 1953, the Reichenbacher Turm also became part of the museum as an observation tower and for smaller exhibitions. In 1998 the cultural history museum, the historical council archive and the Upper Lusatian library of sciences are combined to form the “City Collections for History and Culture Görlitz”.
Collections
- Scientific history collections
- The physical cabinet of one of the founders of the science society, Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf, bears witness to the attempts to research electricity . The alpine models brought to Görlitz from a Swiss trip are among the oldest that have survived. There is also a mineral collection from the 18th century in the museum, as well as a collection of local antiquities compiled at the time, as well as a graphic cabinet founded in 1781. The heritage of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences includes the history of science collections as well as the Society's library, the Upper Lusatian Library of Sciences.
- Art collections
- The museum's art collections mainly include works related to the diverse art history of the city of Görlitz and Upper Lusatia. They offer a unique overview of this Central European cultural landscape between Saxony, Bohemia and Silesia. Important medieval sculptures such as the “Maria in der Hoffnung”, around 1400, late Gothic panel paintings and textiles are exhibited in the Kaisertrutz. Important examples of painting, sculpture and handicrafts from the 16th to 18th centuries. Century can be found in the museum. There is also a collection of paintings from the Enlightenment period and early Romanticism , by Johann Eleazar Zeissig called Schenau, Jacob Philipp Hackert and Franz Gareis . The focus of the collections is on Görlitz art from the first half of the 20th century with Johannes Wüsten at the center.
- The graphic cabinet
- A special collection is the Graphisches Kabinett in the Barockhaus, which combines hand drawings and prints from the 16th century to the present in around 60,000 sheets . The holdings focus on topographical works , old masters such as Albrecht Dürer , Upper Lusatian-Saxon art around 1800 (Christoph Nathe and the Görlitzer drawing school) and copper engraving from the 20th and 21st centuries.
- Archaeological collection
- The museum's archaeological collection includes over 400,000 found objects. This makes it one of the most extensive municipal collections of its kind in the new federal states. The age of the collected archaeological remains reaches from the Paleolithic of 12,000 years BC. Until about the 17th century. The collection focuses on the Middle and Younger Stone Age between 6,000 and 3,000 BC. BC, the Bronze and Early Iron Ages between 1200 and 400 BC. BC - the Lausitz culture, the Germanic and Slavic times between the 3rd and 12th centuries. The regional focus of the collection is traditionally the formerly Prussian- Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia. Almost a third of the finds come from the Lauban district, which is now part of Poland, and the parts of the former Rothenburg and Görlitz districts east of the Neisse .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ mdr.de: Regional Studio Bautzen - News at 7:00 p.m. | MDR.DE . ( mdr.de [accessed on January 4, 2018]).
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