Kunětická hora
| Kunětická hora | ||
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 The Kunětická hora from the south |
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| height | 307 m | |
| location | Pardubický kraj , Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Pardubická kotlina | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 4 '47 " N , 15 ° 48' 48" E | |
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| Type | free standing mountain | |
| rock | Phonolite, marl limestone | |
| particularities | Kunětická Hora Castle | |
 Rock slope below the castle |
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The Kunětická hora (German Kunietitzer Berg ) is a striking mountain of 307 m nm in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers northeast of the city center of Pardubice on the cadastre of the municipality of Ráby in the Okres Pardubice and is the highest point of the Pardubická kotlina ( Pardubice Basin ).
geography
The Kunětická hora rises to the right of the Elbe 82 m from the plain and is largely surrounded by the river in the north, east and south. To the west there is a ridge with the Kunětický les ( Kunietitz Forest ). On the summit which is Kunětická Hora ( Kunburg ) with the chapel of St. Catherine; to the west runs the local road between Ráby and Němčice . The Ráby hunting lodge ( Perníková chaloupka ) is located on the south-western slope ; on the north-west slope in the former Švehlovy sady there is a two hectare game reserve with aurochs, mouflons, deer and ostriches.
Surrounding places are Němčice in the north, Dražkov in the northeast, Lukovna in the east, Kunětice in the southeast, Ráby and Psinek in the southwest and Hradiště na Písku and Srch in the west.
history
Archaeological finds show that the mountain was inhabited as early as the Neolithic . During the Latène period , stone from the Kunětická hora was processed into whetstones. Slavic colonization of the area took place in the 9th and 10th centuries.
According to Kronyka Czeská by Václav Hájek von Libočan , Kunak, a cousin of Duke Křesomysl , and his wife Zdislawa are said to have laid out a spacious courtyard below the mountain in search of a place for a new manor. The following year he is said to have built a wooden Kunakowa Hora castle on the mountain . Many years later the village of Kunaticze was built near the Kunaken farm , and people named the castle after the village.
According to other records, a castle of the Templar Order stood on the mountain in the 13th century , which fell to the Bohemian Chamber when the order was dissolved in 1307. Archaeological studies have shown that since the second half of the 14th century at the latest, a relatively large castle complex with two towers and a palace as well as an extensive outer bailey had existed on the mountain. Since only indirect mentions exist from this period, the ownership structure and the date of the transfer of the abandoned castle to the Benedictine monastery in Opatowitz are also unknown.
Documentary evidence only dates from the first half of the 15th century. After the outbreak of the Hussite Wars and the destruction of the Opatowitz monastery in 1421, Diviš Bořek von Miletínek made the strategically important mountain his seat. In 1502 Wilhelm von Pernstein ceded parts of the mountain to the town of Königgrätz for quarrying purposes and received the village of Vysoká . In 1513 he signed another contract with the city on the assignment of quarry areas on the Kunětická hora in order to acquire a plot of land on the Elbe near Opatovice for the construction of the new Opatowitz Canal , which should replace the Velká Strouha as a water supply to its ponds. From 1560 the mountain became royal property. After the Swedes ruined the castle in 1645 during the Thirty Years War, it was not restored, from 1681 it was considered desolate. A spacious vineyard was laid out on the weathered Klingstein floor of the gently sloping south-facing slope, in the place of which fruit plantations arose at the end of the 18th century; the last old vines were cleared in the first quarter of the 19th century. The old press house was divided between two empytees from the newly founded village of Ráby. At the end of the 1770s, the castle chapel of St. Catherine restored. On the other mountain slopes there were pine forests and quarries of the town of Königgrätz, the steep eastern slope was mostly bare. On the western side of the mountain, where the quarries were already exhausted, was the single-layer chaluppe of the quarry supervisor. At the beginning of the 19th century, the kk cameraman Pardubitz planted a cherry plantation with several thousand trees on the north side of the mountain. The Kunětická hora has increasingly become a destination for excursions because of its extensive view over the entire Pardubice basin. On May 9, 1820, Emperor Franz I climbed the mountain accompanied by his wife Karoline , Archduchess Clementine and the Chamberlain Rudolf von Würben , the Chief Chamberlain von Wurmbrand , the Chief Chamberlain von Lažansky and the Chrudimer District Chief . On July 21 of the same year, the Crown Prince Ferdinand visited the ruins together with the Obersthofmeister von Bellegarde and the Chamberlain von Tige. A marble plaque was placed in the castle chapel to commemorate the two important visits. In 1882 the industrialist Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg had the Ráby hunting lodge built on the south-western slope of the mountain . At the beginning of the 20th century, the castle was restored. In 1983 extensive archaeological excavations were carried out in the course of the restoration of the castle.
nature
The Kunětická hora is one of the most prominent tertiary volcanic bodies of the Bohemian masses . However, at no time was the mountain a volcano; rather, the limestone sediments from the Cretaceous period were burned into porcelain and speckled spilosite using glowing lava. According to the latest research, the actual volcanic body consists of phonolite; originally the rock was thought to be basalt, and later research revealed that it was nepheline tephrite. The original dome-shaped shape has been greatly changed by stone quarries since the Middle Ages, so that its silhouette now resembles a stone castle.
The mountain slopes are considered to be an important geological, mineralogical and botanical locality and have been protected as a natural monument Kunětická hora since 2014 on an area of 27.23 hectares .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://kuneticka.hora.cz/encyklopedie/objekty1.phtml?id=138998
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, pp. 72-73
- ↑ http://kuneticka.hora.cz/encyklopedie/objekty1.phtml?id=119317
- ↑ http://drusop.nature.cz/ost/chrobjekty/zchru/index.php?SHOW_ONE=1&ID=14427