Kurdish music

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The Kurdish music is based on an epic singing tradition. This differentiates between storytellers (Çîrokbêj), singers (Stranbêj) and bards ( Dengbêj ). The most common song form has two stanzas with ten-syllable lines. Kurdish music is characterized by simple melodies with a range of just three or four tones, strophic songs with the same poetry and music at the end of each stanza.

Most Kurdish songs are love songs. Dance music (Govend), wedding and other celebration songs, and work songs are very popular.

The musical instruments used are the saz , tembûr , kemençe , bilûr (flute), duduk (oboe), dehol (drum) and zurna (shawm). In the Yezidi , kakaischen ( Ahli-Haq ) and Alevi religion the long-necked lute Tembûr used for religious songs during ceremonies.

In addition to some typically Kurdish musical instruments (bilûr, tembûr, dûdûk, dehol) traditional Turkish and Iranian instruments are used. Electronic instruments, amplifiers and keyboards play a role in modern pop music , especially at weddings and celebrations.

Kurdistan Autonomous Region

Until Saddam Hussein came to power, Kurdish music was allowed everywhere. Little by little, all suspicious music was banned, whereupon a black market developed. The singer Ali Mardan was famous among the Iraqi Kurds. Erdewan Zaxoyi, who also sang in Kurdish during the regime of Saddam Hussein, was kidnapped as a result and has disappeared without a trace.

Iraqi singers are:

Iran

In Iran, in contrast to other Kurdish media, Kurdish music has long been viewed as politically dangerous and therefore particularly observed. Kurdish music differs here through the influence of Persian music. Mostly instruments like Daf and Saz are used. The Kurdish Ahli-Haq practice Sufi music.

The most famous Kurdish singers are:

Kurds with influence on Persian music:

Rojava

Turkey

Kurdish music was banned in Turkey for a long time due to the language ban. Nevertheless, Kurdish singers like Ibrahim Tatlises and Ahmet Kaya, who sang in Turkish, were also well known among the Turkish public. Surely the most famous singer from Turkey, Şivan Perwer, wrote his songs in Kurdish and therefore had to live in exile for a long time. With a few exceptions, Kurdish music is deliberately ignored in the Turkish media landscape and is still limited to the few Kurdish stations in particular. Only in May 2005 was Kurdish music allowed again in election campaigns.

The most famous Kurdish music groups from Turkey:

Armenia

Political music

Kurdish music serves to raise awareness of a Kurdish identity and is therefore also used for political issues. Young musicians who have joined the PKK record songs in the mountains. Her songs use a wide variety of sources and genres with mostly popular musical and linguistic characteristics. Central in the texts of Kurdish guerrilla music are the desire for freedom of the Kurdish people and the suffering and life of the guerrillas. The mountains and valleys in which the guerrillas are staying form a special source of inspiration for this. Many of these young musicians lost their lives in the fight against the Turkish or Iranian security forces and are celebrated as martyrs through their songs, among other things. Some of the main artists in Kurdish guerrilla music are:

  • Hozan Serhat (Süleyman Alpdoğan) (died 1999)
  • Hozan Sefkan (Serhat Demirtürk)
  • Dibistana Sehid Sefkan (music group named after the martyr Sekfan: songs like Denge Zerdest )
  • Delila (Şenay Güçer: songs like Zilan , Her Se Jinen Azad ), perished in battle in 2007
  • Mizgîn (Gurbet Aydin)
  • Koma Awazê Cîya (music group: songs like Oramar or Destana Zape )

literature

  • Eva Skalla, Jemima Amiri: Songs of the Stateless . In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp. 378-384. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books, ISBN 1-85828-635-2
  • Dieter Christensen: Dance songs of the Hakkari Kurds . A material-critical study, in the yearbook for musical folk and ethnology, Berlin, pp. 11–47, 1963.
  • Edith Gerson-Kiwi: The Music of Kurdistan Jews. A synopsis of their musical styles . In: Yuval, Studies of the Jewish Music Research Center, II . Jerusalem 1971.
  • Vartabed Comitas: Quelques spécimens des mélodies kurdes . In: Recueil d'Emine . Moscow 1904, and re-edited in Erivan in 1959.
  • Mehmet Bayrak: Kürt Müziği, Dansları ve Şarkıları Müzik, Dans Û Şarqiyen Kurdi . 3 volumes, Ankara 2005, ISBN 975-7861-06-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gözde Yilmaz: Minority Rights in Turkey . Routledge, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-138-63973-7 , pp. 43 .