KwaZulu

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Flag of KwaZulus 1985 to 1994
Location KwaZulus in South Africa

KwaZulu (German: "Land of the Zulu") was a homeland in eastern South Africa that had been set up for the Zulu . The capital was Ulundi , and before its establishment the administrative center was in Nongoma . KwaZulu consisted of a large number of enclaves within what was then the South African province of Natal .

geography

KwaZulu was south of Swaziland and Mozambique and east of Lesotho . In 1994 the total area was 36,074 km². It consisted of ten larger, non-contiguous areas and numerous smaller exclaves . In 1992 around 5.7 million people lived there.

  • The area around the capital Ulundi was north and west of Richards Bay . In this area, the wildlife sanctuaries Hluhluwe Game Reserve, west of Hluhluwe and Umfolozi Game Reserve, were located on the river of the same name not far from the Indian Ocean .
  • A smaller area was in northeastern Natal east of Newcastle . These included the townships Osizmeni and Madadeni.
  • A relatively large area bordered Swaziland and Mozambique. There was the city of Ndumo and the wildlife sanctuaries Mkuzi Game Reserve and Ndumu Game Reserve . There were no border crossings to Swaziland and Mozambique from this area.
  • Another area was in the west of Natal near the border with Lesotho. It was west of the town of Estcourt ; largest place was Wemlezi.
  • The largest area of ​​KwaZulu was in the center of Natal. It reached in the north to Mondlo near Vryheid , in the northeast to near Empangeni , in the south to KwaMashu near Durban and in the west to Ezakheni near Ladysmith . The Tugela and Buffels rivers flowed through the area.
  • On the Indian Ocean, south of Richards Bay , was an area with the place Ezikhawini.
  • Another area, the smallest area of ​​KwaZulu, was a little further south on the coast.
  • West of Pietermaritzburg was an area with the place Edendale , which bordered on a smaller area of ​​the Transkei .
  • South of Durban was an area with the towns of Umlazi , KwaMakuta and Mpumalanga. It had two entrances to the Indian Ocean and thus enclosed an area with the city of Umzinto . The area bordered the same area of ​​the Transkei to the west.
  • In the southern tip of Natal at Margate was an area with the township of Gamalakhe. Despite its proximity to the sea, the area had no access to the Indian Ocean. It bordered the main area of ​​the Transkei.

history

At the end of 1962, the South African government publicly announced that under the direction of the Ministry of Bantu Administration and Development in the Natal and Zululand area, "Regional Authorities" had been established for areas with a high density of Bantu population . For the area of ​​the later homeland KwaZulu, there were ten regional administrative units (Regional Authority). These were (respective administrative centers in brackets):

  • Ingwavuma Regional Authority (Ingwavuma)
  • Lindindlela Regional Authority (Ubombo)
  • Nongoma Regional Authority (Nongoma)
  • Inkanyezi Regional Authority (Eshowe)
  • Mehlwesiziwe Regional Authority (Mtunzini)
  • Ndlovu Regional Authority (Mapumulo)
  • Vulindlela Regional Authority (Pietermaritzburg)
  • Vulamehlo Regional Authority (Umzinto)
  • Ukukanyakufikile Regional Authority (Port Shepstone)
  • Kanya Masekwakithi Regional Authority (Ixopo).

Territorial Authority

The formation of the homeland of KwaZulu, created as Zululand in 1970 , differed in several ways from the formation process of most other homelands. For many years, the Zulu population was divided over the question of acceptance of the officially promoted Bantu self-government system. Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi criticized this development being pushed by the South African government, as its intentions were not based on agreement with the people of Zululand . A meeting of several chiefs on April 9, 1970 finally resolved the approval of the establishment of a Territorial Authority (Territorial Authority ). Accordingly, the Proclamation No. 139 of 22 May the concrete legal framework for the formation of a superordinate administrative structure and the financial relations with the existing regional Zulu administrations. It also contained constitutional regulations. The top positions for the Zulu Territorial Authority consisted of the Chief Executive Officer (for example: Head of Government) and five other members of the Executive Council as well as the Chairman of the Territorial Authority (for example: Presidential Chairman) including his deputy. The capital at that time was Nongoma .

The constituent process was not yet completed. The members of the Territorial Authority's Executive Council drew up a draft for a future Legislative Assembly (for example: Legislative Assembly), according to which the residents of Homeland obtained the right to vote at the age of 18 years. After an intensive discussion, the final draft was examined by the Territorial Authority and the government in Pretoria and finally put into effect by publication in the Government Gazette in the form of Proclamation R69 of 30 March 1972 . The government was named Executive Council after this legal source and its chairman was called the Chief Executive Councilor . In 1972 the area adopted the name KwaZulu.

Bantu State

On February 1, 1977 KwaZulu was released into conditional independence. KwaZulu rejected state independence granted by South Africa. Ulundi became the capital. KwaZulu was ruled continuously by Mangosuthu Buthelezi . From 1972 he was appointed Chief Minister ("Supreme Minister"). Buthelezi founded the Inkatha YaKwaZulu party in 1975 . It was renamed the Inkatha Freedom Party in 1980 .

Reintegration

On April 27, 1994, like the other homelands, KwaZulu officially returned to the territory of South Africa and has been part of the KwaZulu-Natal Province ever since . KwaZulu-Natal is the only province in South Africa that includes the name of a homeland in its name.

Buthelezi is seen by many South Africans as a collaborator because of his collaboration with the then South African apartheid government . Nevertheless, he and his Inkatha Freedom Party still play an active role in South African politics today (as of 2010).

Demographics

In 1989, 3,800,000 of the 6,500,000 Zulu were living in the homeland. Xhosa , Swazi , Basotho and others also lived there .

economy

Many residents of KwaZulu lived from agriculture. Were cultivated among other sugarcane , tea, bananas and millet . Cattle farming was also important. In the central area of ​​KwaZulus, copper and gold were mined , among other things . Many residents worked outside the borders of the homeland, for example in the Durban region . The gross domestic product of KwaZulu in 1986 was 1.435 billion rand .

Others

In 1982 the Redemption Song (No KwaZulu) by the British Manfred Mann's Earth Band was released . It criticizes the establishment of homelands in South Africa. The song is a cover version of the Redemption Song (German: "Erlösungslied") by Bob Marley and the Wailers .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Muriel Horrell: The African Homelands of South Africa . SAIRR , Johannesburg 1973, p. 150
  2. ^ Website of the South African Police ( Memento of August 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 27, 2015
  3. ↑ a b c Information on KwaZulu (English), accessed on March 26, 2010
  4. ^ SAIRR: A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1963 . Johannesburg 1964, pp. 107, 109
  5. ^ SAIRR: A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1970 . Johannesburg 1971, pp. 141-143
  6. ↑ Muriel Horrell: The African Homelands of South Africa . Johannesburg 1973. pp. 53-54
  7. ^ Juta's New Large Print Atlas . Juta, Capetown, Wetton, Johannesburg 1985, ISBN 0-7021-1545-2