Lübeck brewery history
The history of beer brewing has a long tradition in Lübeck . It is no longer possible to trace when brewing began in the city.
Middle Ages until the dissolution of the brewers' guild
From the Middle Ages to the early modern period , Lübeck had around 180 breweries . They were in the historic city center . In 1407 there were 57 brewers working in the Johannis-Quartier , ten in the Jakobi-Quartier, the highest number in the Marien-Magdalenen-Quartier at 65. Another 40 or so breweries were in the rest of the city. They were supplied with water by the Lübeck Brewery Water Art .
The breweries of the Middle Ages were mostly two-story. The multi-storey breweries with stepped gables were not built until the 16th century .
The brewing right was tied to the house, not to the brewer. New breweries were only allowed to be built with the approval of the city council ; the consent of the neighbors was also required. The city replaced the last brewing justice in 1864 , at that time there were 93.
City beer, stop beer and export beer were brewed in the early 15th century . 49 brewers produced 1407 city beers, 30 stop beers. The export beer from 100 breweries went mainly to the Baltic Sea region as well as to England, Holland and Flanders , and in the early modern period even to East India.
In the 16th century a council license was required. The Oberstadtbuch recorded 182 breweries. 22 were referred to as breweries, 112 were red brewhouses that produced export beer, 48 white brewhouses produced city beer. A building in the Beckergrube , in which the star restaurant Wullenwever is located today , was used as a brewery .
Beer exports declined since the late 17th century; the brewing industry shrank. In 1865 the council dissolved the brewers' guild . As a result of the mechanization, several larger breweries were created.
Röper
The Röper Brewery, also known as the Adler Brewery, was a brewery in Lübeck in the 19th century. She became famous for the production of red beer .
After the Senate had passed the law to reorganize the local brewing industry on November 23, 1864 , the merchant Ludwig August Friedrich Röper applied for permission to operate a beer factory at the end of 1864 . His property on the former horse cheek field in front of the castle gate on the left side of the road to Wesloe , which was later registered as Arnimstrasse No. 29, was to serve as company property . After this application was made public, two residents raised objections. They were of the opinion that the chimney should be built at least 30 meters high so that they would not be disadvantaged by the smoke and soot emissions. Building Director Dr. Krueg replied to this contradiction that it was irrelevant, since these complaints were based on the establishment of a steam beer brewery. He wanted to gain the necessary bending power by manual operation or by a horse peg. So it will only be necessary to have an ordinary shower chimney, which should be placed freely in the middle of the building.
Until 1886, the merchant Röper owned Lübeck's first brewery outside the city center, which was no longer subject to medieval brewing regulations. It was then run by the owner Dietrich Hassenpflug (born October 6, 1848 in Oberaula, district of Ziegenhain; † March 10, 1915 in Lübeck), who owned a brewery in Cottbus before moving to Lübeck, until 1893 at the same location and then made known under the name of Adler Brewery. However, the brewery was not consistently modernized, so it was not possible to prevail against the overwhelming strength of the competition in the long term.
The brewery was taken over by the Lück brewery after the First World War.
Brewery H. Lück zur Walkmühle
The H. Lück zur Walkmühle brewery was founded in 1866. It developed into the largest and most successful brewery in Lübeck. Most of the competitors were taken over by her. In 1979 it was sold to the Bavaria brewery , in 1988 it was closed.
→ Main article: Lück (brewery)
Actien-Bier-Brauerei Lübeck
The brewery was founded in June 1881 and was located at Lachswehrallee 14/22 in the St. Lorenz district. Sales were so low that in the first few years it was constantly threatened with closure. In the following years up to the First World War it was finally able to establish itself in Lübeck. In 1899 it was renamed the Lübeck Actien Brewery . In 1931 the Lück brewery took over the business. The buildings still exist today and are due to be demolished soon.
Hansa Brewery, Joh.'s Uter & Co.
Founded in 1883 at Fackenburger Allee 96/104. It was initially laid out as a small brewery, but had plenty of land and was expanded in the following decades. The annual output in 1900 was about 30,000 hectoliters. In 1952 the company was taken over by the Lück brewery.
H. Wilcken Brewery
This brewery was founded in 1881 in an old Lübeck city center building at Engelswisch No. 19. Top-fermented beer was produced. The so-called brown beer was very popular at the time. The company never grew bigger than a home brewery. Nevertheless, it existed until 1972 and was taken over by Lück. Wilcken Pils was the last beer that Lück produced until it closed in 1989. The gym of the Ernestin School has been located behind the old façade of the Wilckenschen Speicher since 1981 .
Brauberger zu Lübeck
The Brauberger zu Lübeck brewery in Alfstrasse was founded as a pub brewery in 1989, the year the Lück brewery closed. Their concept is the brewing of Zwickelbier , as it was already made in the Middle Ages. Everything is made entirely by hand, stored in wooden barrels and served.
It is the last brewery in Lübeck still in existence today.
Other former breweries in Lübeck
- Ernst Schnür Brewery
- St. Lorenz Brewery W. Aly
- Vereinbrauerei eGmbh
- Lübsch private brewery
- Burkhardis (Burkhard Bange Brewery, early to mid-1990s)
- H. Bade Brewery
- JCA Osbahr brewery
- Anchor Brewery Hermann Stamer
- Burkhard Bange brewery at the mill bridge
- Paul Flemming steam brewery
- Hermann Stamer brown beer brewery
- Ferdinand Weiermiller Brewery
- St. Gertrud Brewery Louis Hochbaum
- Eduard Nickels Wwe Brewery
- Phoenix Brewery vorm. Paul Flemming
In the early modern period there were 18 brewing houses and 3 malt houses in Wahmstraße alone, including:
- Heinrich Westfehling Brewery
literature
- Rüdiger Sengebusch: A turning point - factories in Lübeck. Development characteristics of modern factory work in the city state of Lübeck 1828–1914. Office for Culture, Lübeck 1993, ISBN 3-7950-0114-5 ( Documentation and research on city history 3).
- Wolfgang Frontzek: Breweries , brewing. In: Antjekathrin Graßmann (Ed.): Lübeck-Lexikon. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2006, ISBN 3-7950-7777-X