Lanthanum carbonate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Lanthanum carbonate
other names	carbonated lanthanum
Molecular formula	La 2 (CO 3 ) 3
Brief description	white odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 587-26-8 (anhydrous) 54451-24-0 (hydrate) EC number 209-599-5 ECHA InfoCard 100.008.728 PubChem 168924 ChemSpider 147758 DrugBank DB06792 Wikidata Q421317
Drug information
ATC code	V03 AE03
Drug class	Phosphate binders
properties
Molar mass	457.85 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
solubility	almost insoluble in water
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 315-319-335 P: 261-305 + 351 + 338
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Lanthanum carbonate is a chemical compound (more precisely a carbonate of lanthanum ) that is used in the manufacture of fuel cells and in medicine.

Extraction and presentation

A simple precipitation reaction of rare earth salt solutions (e.g. lanthanum chloride ) with alkali carbonates or ammonium carbonate only forms carbonate hydrates and basic carbonates. Pure carbonates can, however, be produced in a solution buffered with anilinium chloride and aniline by means of carbon dioxide under pressure.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ LaCl_{3}+3\ CO_{2}+3\ H_{2}O+6\ C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}\longrightarrow La_{2}(CO_{3})_{3}+6\ C_{6}H_{5}NH_{3}Cl} }$

use

technology

Lanthanum carbonate is used to produce lanthanum strontium manganate , which is mainly used in fuel cells . It is also used to color glass and as a catalyst in cracking .

medicine

In medicine it is used as a phosphate binder . It has been on the market in Germany under the trade name Fosrenol ^® since November 2006 and is marketed by Shire Pharmaceuticals . Fosrenol ^® requires a prescription and is used in patients with end- stage renal failure to treat hyperphosphataemia (increased phosphate levels ). As a calcium and aluminum-free phosphate binder, lanthanum carbonate has the same phosphate bond strength as aluminum , without showing its toxicity in long-term use. However, acute side effects occur more frequently. In addition, so far only limited data are available for long-term use of this heavy metal. The relevance of the absorption of lanthanum in the body and its accumulation in the organs (bones, liver etc.) is currently being discussed. The clinical relevance of crossing the blood-brain barrier and accumulation of lanthanum in the brain in experimental animals is also discussed. Lanthanum should be taken with or after a meal to the gastrointestinal tract contained in the food phosphate as lanthanum to prevent binding and thus the absorption of the phosphate in the body.

Veterinary medicine

In veterinary medicine , particularly in the treatment of chronic renal cats Lanthanum carbonate octahydrate (product name Lantharenol ^® ) used to support the renal function of cats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Lanthanum carbonate octahydrate is contained in the dietary feed supplement Renalzin ^® (Bayer HealthCare) for cats with kidney failure, which has been available since October 2008 .

Studies have shown that lanthanum, even at the lowest recommended dose, led to a significant decrease in phosphate absorption. The excretion of phosphates in the faeces and the decrease in excretion via the kidneys were directly correlated to the dose of the preparation and the phosphorus content of the feed.

So far, neither side effects nor intolerance reactions of lanthanum have occurred in cats. In studies, no side effects could be provoked in cats even after a ten-fold overdose of over two weeks. However, observations and studies on the long-term effects of feed supplementation with lantharenol are still pending.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Lanthanum carbonate data sheet at AlfaAesar, accessed on February 12, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ External identifiers or database links for lanthanum carbonate hydrate : CAS number: 54451-24-0, EC number: 611-146-5, ECHA InfoCard: 100.118.339 , Wikidata : Q54666358 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} Lanthanum (III) carbonate hydrate data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 7, 2011 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 1116.
5. ↑ 2. Fukagawa M., Harman C. (2005): Is Lanthanum carbonate safer and more effective than calcium carbonate for hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients ?, Nat Clin Pract Nephrol . 2005 Nov, 1 (1): 20-21.
6. ↑ Lanthanum ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Evaluation of the drug telegram . 
7. ↑ Feng et al., Neurotoxicological consequence of long-term exposure to lanthanum, Toxicology Letters, 165 (2006) 112-1120
8. ↑ Directive 2008/82 / EC of the Commission of July 30, 2008 amending Directive 2008/38 / EC with regard to feed intended to support the kidney function in chronic kidney failure. Official Journal No. L 202 of 31/07/2008 pp. 0048–0049.
9. ↑ Schmidt, B., Delport, P. Spiecker-Hauser, U. (2006): Bay 78 - 1887, a novel lanthanum-based phosphate binder, decreases intestinal phosphorus absorption in cats. In: J Vet Pharmacol Therap 29 (Supplement 1): pp. 206-207.
10. ↑ Spiecker-Hauser, U., Kraemer, F., Epe, C., Schmidt, B. (2007): Efficacy of Lantharenol to reduce intestinal phosphorus absorption from feline renal diet. 11th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition, Leipzig; P. 133.
11. ↑ Schmidt, B., Spiecker-Hauser, U., Gropp, J. (2008): Effect of Lantharenol® on apparent phosphorus absorption from a conventional feline maintenance diet and a renal diet for cats. Proc Soc Nutr Physiol 17: p. 87.
12. ↑ Schmidt, B., Spiecker-Hauser, U., Murphy, M. (2008): Efficacy and safety of lantharenol® on phosphorus metabolism in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 22 (3): p. 798.
13. ↑ European Food Safety Authority (2007): Safety and efficacy of Lantharenol® (Lanthanum carbonate octahydrate) as a feed additive for cats according to regulation (EC) No 1831/2003, Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Additives and Products or substances used in Animal feed.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !