Lye flowers

Lye flowers
Cotula barbata cultivar 'Yellow Marbles'
Systematics
Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Asteroideae Tribe : Anthemideae Genre : Lye flowers
Scientific name
Cotula
L.

The lye flowers ( Cotula ), also called Fiederpolster are a genus within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). It is mainly found in the southern hemisphere ; The only species found in Central Europe is the crow's foot lye flower ( Cotula coronopifolia ).

description

Illustration of the crow's footed lye flower ( Cotula coronopifolia )

Vegetative characteristics

The Cotula species are annual to perennial , herbaceous plants . Their mostly alternate and sheathed-stem-encompassing, rarely opposite leaves are somewhat fleshy, deeply pinnate and rarely entire.

Generative characteristics

The cup-shaped inflorescences usually only contain tubular flowers . They are multi-flowered to many-flowered and stand solitary, terminal or axillary, at the end of longer stems. They are more or less upright when they bloom. The bracts are in one or two rows and are not leaf-like. The bottom of the cup is flat, arched or conical, has no chaff leaves , and is bald or hairy. The flowers are stalked, have no pappus and have a yellow crown. The marginal flowers are female, their crown is small and often stunted. The inner flowers are hermaphroditic or functionally male, their crown is tubular, flattened and four-lobed.

The achenes are flattened and have no pappus.

The basic chromosome number is x = 8, 9, 10.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Cotula was established by Carl von Linné . The name Cotula is derived from the Greek word kotyle for cup, bowl, bowl, this refers to the leaves that surround the stem and resemble a bowl.

The genus Cotula belongs to the subtribe Cotulinae from the tribe Anthemideae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae . The former section Leptinella is a separate genus Leptinella Cass. .

The genus Cotula is widespread in the southern hemisphere: its focus is on the Capensis , some species also occur in South America , Australia (seven species) and East Africa and two species occur in China. The lye flower ( Cotula coronopifolia ) is a neophyte in many areas of the world .

Crow's footed lye flower ( Cotula coronopifolia )

Habit of Cotula hispida

Flower head of Cotula leptalea

Cotula lineariloba

Leaf leaves and flower heads of Cotula squalida

Flower head of Cotula turbinata in detail

There are 50 to 62 species of Cotula :

• Cotula abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
• Cotula affinis Schltr. ex Hutch.
• Cotula alpina (Hook.f.) Hook. f. : It occurs in Australia in New South Wales , Victoria and Tasmania and is a neophyte in Great Britain.
• Cotula andreae (E. Phillips) K.Bremer & Humphries
• Cotula anthemoides L .: It occurs in Africa, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand.
• Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. f. : It is common in Australia and New Zealand , but also occurs in the Canary Islands, Great Britain, France and Switzerland.
• Cotula barbata DC.
• Cotula bipinnata tuna. : It is common in Australia.
• Cotula bracteolata E. Mey. ex DC.
• Cotula burchellii DC.
• Cotula ceniifolia DC.
• Cotula chamaemelifolia Ehrenb. ex K.Koch
• Cotula cinerea Delile : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt , Sudan , Ethiopia , Mali , Mauritania and Saudi Arabia .
• Crow's footed lye flower ( Cotula coronopifolia L. ): It is native to southern Africa, it is a neophyte on the coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands as well as in Australia, New Zealand, North and South America.
• Cotula cotuloides (Steetz) Druce
• Cotula cryptocephala Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
• Cotula dielsii Muschl.
• Cotula duckittiae (L.Bolus) K.Bremer & Humphries
• Cotula eckloniana (DC.) Levyns
• Cotula elongata B. Bird
• Cotula filifolia Thunb.
• Cotula goughensis R.NRBr.
• Cotula gymnogyne F. Muell. ex Benth.
• Cotula hemisphaerica Wall. ex Benth. & Hook. f. : It occurs in Bhutan , India, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.
• Cotula heterocarpa DC.
• Cotula hispida (DC.) Harv.
• Cotula kotschyi Benth. & Hook. f.
• Cotula laxa DC.
• Cotula leptalea DC.
• Cotula lineariloba (DC.) Hilliard
• Cotula loganii Hutch.
• Cotula macroglossa Bolus ex Schltr.
• Cotula mariae K.Bremer & Humphries
• Cotula melaleuca Bolus ex Schltr.
• Cotula membranifolia Hilliard
• Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera
• Cotula microglossa (DC.) O. Hoffm. & Kuntze ex Kuntze
• Cotula montana Compton
• Cotula moseleyi Hemsl.
• Cotula myriophylloides Harv.
• Cotula nigellifolia (DC.) K.Bremer & Humphries : The home is southern Africa.
• Cotula nudicaulis tuna.
• Cotula paludosa Hilliard
• Cotula paradoxa Schinz
• Cotula pedicellata Compton
• Cotula pedunculata (Schltr.) E. Phillips
• Cotula pterocarpa DC.
• Cotula pusilla Thunb.
• Cotula pyrethrifolia Hook.f. : It only occurs in New Zealand.
• Cotula radiata O. Hoffm. ex Kuntze
• Cotula radicalis (Killick & Claassen) Hilliard & BLBurtt
• Cotula rosea Less.
• Cotula sericea L. f.
• Cotula socialis Hilliard
• Cotula sororia DC.
• Cotula squalida (Hook.f.) Hook. f.
• Cotula stenophylla K. Koch
• Cotula tenella E. Mey. ex DC.
• Cotula thunbergii Harv.
• Cotula turbinata L.
• Cotula villosa DC.
• Cotula vulgaris Levyns
• Cotula zeyheri Fenzl

The genus Cotula no longer includes:

• Cotula aurea Loefl. => Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Gdp.
• Cotula squalida (Hook.f.) Hook. f. => Leptinella squalida Hook. f.

swell

• EA Brown: Datasheet from the Flora of New South Wales . (Sections Description and Distribution)
• Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved May 14, 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ^ David G. Lloyd: A Revision of the New Zealand, Subantarctic, and South American Species of Cotula, Section Leptinella. In: New Zealand Journal of Botany , Volume 10, 1972, pp. 277-372. (PDF, 8.4 MB) ( Memento of the original dated December 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ David G. Lloyd, CJ Webb: The reinstatement of Leptinella at generic rank, and the status of the 'Cotuleae' (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). In: New Zealand Journal of Botany , Volume 25, 1987, pp. 99-105, doi : 10.1080 / 0028825X.1987.10409959 .
3. ^ Sven Himmelreich: Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the southern hemisphere genus Leptinella Cass. (Compositae, Anthemideae) , dissertation to obtain the doctoral degree in natural sciences of the Natural Science Faculty III of the University of Regensburg, 2009: full text PDF.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Cotula in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
5. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask for The Global Compositae Checklist .
6. ↑ ^{a b c} EA Brown: data sheet at the Flora of New South Wales . , last accessed April 23, 2014
7. ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Cotula In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
8. ↑ ^{a b} FloraBase - The Western Australian Flora , last accessed April 23, 2014.
9. ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora. CD-ROM, Version 2.0, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .
10. ^ Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Cotula Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.

Web links

Commons : Lye Flowers ( Cotula )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files