Leonid Drosnés

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Leonid Drosnés (born September 26, 1880 in St. Petersburg , † after 1918 probably in Odessa ) was a Russian psychiatrist , psychoanalyst , personal physician to the "Wolfsmann" and member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association .

Life

Leonid Drosnés was born in Russia as the son of a respected psychiatrist. The parents were of the Russian Orthodox faith. Leonid Drosnés studied medicine in Odessa, a medical faculty that had been shaped by Ivan Mikhailovich Setschenow (1829-1905). Drosnés received his doctorate in 1906 and then completed psychiatric training. He turned to psychoanalysis and tried to combine new psychoanalytic methods like that of Carl Gustav Jung with other psychotherapeutic methods like that of Vladimir Bechterew . Leonid Drosnés treated Sergius Pankejeff at the medical military academy in St. Petersburg, where Vladimir Bekhterev was a professor . Pankejeff later became known under the name " Wolfsmann " as a patient of Sigmund Freud . Sergius Pankejeff's treatment initially showed little success. Drosnés and Pankejeff then traveled to Vienna, where they met Sigmund Freud in February 1910. In that year 1910 Freud worked on his essay on Daniel Paul Schreber and finally applied knowledge from this retrospectively to the case of the " Wolf Man ". The original intention of Drosnés and Pankejeff's trip was actually a cure with Paul Dubois (1848–1918) in Bern, but acquaintances convinced Drosnés that it would make more sense to stay with Freud in Vienna. Drosnés enrolled at the University of Vienna in the winter semester of 1910/11 in order to be able to hear Freud's lectures. At the evening of the lecture on Wednesday, January 11, 1911, Drosnés applied through the chairman to be admitted to the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association, having previously participated in their discussions. Sigmund Freud announced that he could highly recommend the young man because he would be of use to the cause of psychoanalysis. On January 18, 1911, Drosnés was elected to the association. At the meeting on January 18, 1911, “magic and other things” were discussed as well as fairy tales. The speaker was Herbert Silberer , who in turn referred to a work by Camilla Lucerna on the subject of "fairy tales". Dronés returned to St. Petersburg via Odessa in 1911, where he made a name for himself as a specialist in psychoanalysis in a sanatorium. On May 3, 1911, the Russian doctor Moshe Wulff from Odessa was unanimously elected to the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association on the recommendation of Drosnés.

Participation in meetings of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association

In 1911 Leonid Drosnés took part in a total of two meetings of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association. He was present at the lecture evening on March 15, 1911. The topic discussed was "The bodice in the manners and customs of the peoples". The lecturer was Friedrich S. Krauss . Freud noted that it made perfect sense to work on the psychoanalysis of clothing and fashion. In his opinion, however, it is also necessary to collect and discuss the historical evidence on the problem of the origin of the bodice. David Ernst Oppenheim pointed out in this context that a story of the erotic ideal had not yet been written, but that it was urgently necessary to write one. Paul Federn emphasized that in the interest of culture, one must advocate the abolition of corsetry. Josef Karl Friedjung emphasized that the bodice could be rejected from a hygienic point of view without having to use unconscious voyeur desires. Hanns Sachs was of the opinion that the bodice appeared in innumerable forms in ancient times and that the male and female figure came closer together. It was agreed that two different ideal types of women existed. On the one hand there is the ideal of the obese woman and on the other hand the ideal of the slim woman with masculine forms. Sigmund Freud emphasized that the ideal of the slim woman emanated from the Anglo-American race.

Drosnés was also present at the lecture evening on May 5th. Isidor Sadger spoke “About skin, mucous membrane and muscle eroticism.” Paul Federn suggested using the term libido instead of the term erotic. Gustav Grüner showed that he was in agreement with Sadger's lecture, but wanted fewer foreign words in the lecture. Josef Karl Friedjung thanked Sadger for the vivid suggestions. However, pertussis, which is an infectious disease, should not be understood as an expression of mucosal and muscle eroticism. Nevertheless, the skin erotic could come to light in a clear way.

Foundation of the Russian Psychoanalytical Association

In 1911 the "Moscow Psychoanalytic Society" was founded together with Nikolai J. Osipov . This was preceded by a psychoanalytic discussion group in Moscow called the " Little Fridays ". In 1911, Leonid Drosnés' work was published with the title "A psychoanalytic organization for the prevention of suicide". Here Drosnés advocated the creation of an outpatient clinic, in which psychoanalytically trained people should advise those in need. The point is to show those tired of life that it is not people who have abandoned him, but that he has left people. This can eliminate the feeling of abandonment and prevent suicide. This work is the first psychoanalytical work that dealt with svicide prevention. In 1911 the First Congress of the "Association of Patriotic Psychiatrists" took place in Russia. At this congress, Vladimir Bekhterev gave a lecture on the spread of suicide in Russia and agreed with Drosnés that social injustice should be seen as the cause of the spread of suicide. Bekhterev named the war as another cause, which destroys the mental balance of people.

The book “Onanism”, which Drosnés published in Russian in 1911, was reviewed as “a winning advertising booklet for the views of psychoanalysis”.

First World War, Odessa Sanatorium

From August 1914 Leonid Drosnés was no longer registered in the 9th district of Vienna. During the First World War he was used as a military doctor . In 1918 Drosnés worked in the Frednefontonskaya sanatorium in Odessa. In 1922 the "Moscow Psychoanalytic Society" was transferred to the "Russian Psychoanalytical Association (RPV)". The founding members of the RPV included the psychoanalyst Wera Fjodorowna Schmidt (1889-1937) with her husband, the polar researcher and mathematician Otto Juljewitsch Schmidt (1891-1956).

In his 1925 work published together with GA Skalkowski “Basics of the individual and collective development process conditioned by the milieu. Doctrine of the homo function ”, Drosnés and Skalkowski, as convinced Marxists, took a socialist-materialist point of view. They underpinned their "doctrine of homofunction" with the results of Pavlovian reflexiology. The Russian psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein , who took over the idea of ​​the psychoanalytic outpatient clinic from Drosnés, on the other hand, distinguished herself from Drosnés at this point and developed her own theory of the development of neuroses.

A date of death of Leonid Drosnés is not known.

Works

  • A psychoanalytic organization for the prevention of suicide , in: Sigmund Freud (Hrsg.): Zentralblatt für Psychoanalyse. Medical monthly for psychology 1911, 1: 553–555.
  • About masturbation. Popular presentation of the views of Prof. Freud's psychoanalytic school on the nature of masturbation and its healing, (in Russian), Petersburg approx. 1911/12 (review by Bernhard Dattner in the Zentralblatt für Psychoanalyse 1912, 2, 535.)

literature

  • Alberto Angelini: La psicoanalisi in Russia. Dai precursori agli anni Trenta , Napoli 1988.
  • Elke Mühlleitner (with the assistance of Johannes Reichmayr ): Biographical Lexicon of Psychoanalysis. The members of the Psychological Wednesday Society and the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association 1902–1938, Edition Diskord Tübingen 1992, pp. 78–79.
  • Lawrence Johnson: the wolf man's burden , Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 2001.
  • Élisabeth Roudinesco and Michel Plan: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Names • Countries • Works • Terms , Volume I, Springer Verlag Vienna 2004, Leonid Drosnés as Wolfsmann's Doctor p. 874.
  • Élisabeth Roudinesco : Freud in his time and ours , translated by Catherine Porter, Harvard University Press, Cambridge & London 2016, pp. 195–196.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Zvi Lothane : Soul murder and psychiatry. On the rehabilitation of Schreber, Library of Psychoanalysis, Psychosozial-Verlag 2004, on Sigmund Freud's reconstruction of the “ Wolf's Dream ” in “ Wolfsmann ”, pages 31, 32.
  2. ↑ Sigmund Freud : From the history of an infantile neurosis (Wolfsmann analysis), in: Collected works , Volume XII, 1918, p. 116.
  3. ^ Judith Wermuth-Atkinson: The Red Jester. Andrei Bely's Petersburg As A Novel Of The European Modern , LIT Verlag Vienna and Berlin 2012, p 103. Digitalisat
  4. ^ Hermann Nunberg and Ernst Federn (eds.): Protocols of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association , Volume III, 1910–1911, Fischer Frankfurt 1979, p. 112.
  5. ↑ Martin A. Miller: Freud and the Bolsheviks , Psychoanalysis in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union , Yale University Press, New Haven & London 1998, p. 24.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Hermann Nunberg and Ernst Federn (eds.): Protocols of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association , Volume III, 1910–1911, Fischer Frankfurt 1979, Leonide Drosnés from Odessa was elected with 21 votes, p. 125; Lecture evening March 15, 1911, pp. 188–192; Lecture evening on May 3, 1911 and unanimous election of Mosche Wulff from Odessa p. 227.
  7. ^ Eugenia Fischer, René Fischer, Hans-Heinrich Otto, Hans-Joachim Rothe (eds.): Sigmund Freud / Nikolaj J. Ossipow correspondence 1921–1929, Brandes & Apsel Frankfurt am Main 2009; on the establishment of the “Russian Psychoanalytic Association”, initially called the “Moscow Psychoanalytic Society”, together with Leonid Drosnés, p. 173.
  8. ↑ E. Etzersdorfer: General principles of suicidality , in: Bronisch, Thomas: Lindauer Psychotherapie – Module: Psychotherapie der Suizidalität , Thieme 2002, pp. 99 + 100.
  9. ↑ Natalja Decker: Reflections of Russian Doctors on the First World War , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Medicine and the First World War , Centaurus Pfaffenweiler 1996, p. 50.
  10. ↑ a b Elke Mühlleitner (with the collaboration of Johannes Reichmayr ): Biographical Lexicon of Psychoanalysis. The members of the Psychological Wednesday Society and the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association 1902–1938, Edition Diskord Tübingen 1992, pp. 78–79.
  11. ↑ Sabine Richebächer: Sabina Spielrein. “An almost cruel love of science”, biography , Dörlemann Verlag Zurich 2005, Chapter V. Laboratory Soviet Union 1923–1942 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Drosnés, Leonid
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian psychiatrist, personal physician to Wolfsmann and member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association
DATE OF BIRTH September 26, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH after 1918
Place of death unsure: Odessa