Leptarrhena pyrolifolia
| Leptarrhena pyrolifolia | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_(8051428095).jpg)
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia in Montana (USA) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Leptarrhena | ||||||||||||
| R.Br. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Leptarrhena pyrolifolia | ||||||||||||
| ( D.Don ) R.Br. ex Ser. |
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia is the only plant species of the genus Leptarrhena in the family of the Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). It isnative tonorthwest North America.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 15 to 35 (8 to 48) cm. It forms rhizomes and basal parts of the stem axis covered with scale-shaped leaf bases , but no stolons. The ascending to upright, and smooth stem with downy and glandular hairs on top has one to four, towards the top, smaller, stem-encompassing, sessile leaves. Most of the leaves stand together in a basal leaf rosette and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petioles are hairless. The (1 to) usually 2.5 to 9.5 cm long and (0.4 to) usually 1 to 4.5 cm wide, leathery leaf blade is obovate to elliptical with a tapering base and pinnate. The leaf margin is notched or serrate. The underside of the leaf is matt light green and the upper side is glossy dark green. The inconspicuous stipules are fused with the petioles.
Generative characteristics
In a zymous inflorescence branched with 1 to 12 cm long, smooth to glandular hairy inflorescence stems, there are rarely 18 to, mostly 26 to 100 flowers above scaly bracts on pedicels. The flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold with double perianth . The whole with a length of 0.3 to 0.6 mm and a diameter of 1.2 to 1.8 mm, slightly bell-shaped, below green, above mostly purple, smooth to glandular hairy flower cups (hypanthium) is up to a quarter half of its length fused with the ovary. The five triangular to ovate, smooth to sparsely hairy sepals are greenish and 0.8 to 1.5 mm long and 0.7 to 1.1 mm wide. The five white petals are spatulate to inverted-lanceolate, 1 to 2.2 mm long, 0.4 to 0.7 mm wide and always unlapped. There are two circles with five stamens each; they tower above the petals. The thin stamens are 0.8 to 1.5 mm long. The round to transversely elliptical, 0.1 to 0.2 mm long and 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide anthers open with wide, terminal openings. The punch has a length of 2 to 3 mm and a diameter of 1 to 1.8 mm. The einviertel- to half under constant ovary is zweikammerig. The ovules are completely fused and the placentation is parietal. The two slightly spreading styluses each end in a scar. The flowering period extends from June to September.
The upright, narrow, egg-shaped capsule fruit is green, red or purple, 6 to 9 mm long, has two diverging fruit beaks and contains 80 to 120 seeds. The yellowish or light brown, shiny seeds are spindle-shaped, ribbed at least above the embryo, with conical ends, a length of 3.2 to 4.8 mm and a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
The basic chromosome number is n = 7.
Occurrence
The home of Leptarrhena pyrolifolia located in the Canadian provinces of Alberta , British Columbia , Northwest Territory , Yukon and in the US states of Alaska , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Washington . Leptarrhena pyrolifolia thrives on moist meadows, on the banks of running waters , in swamp areas, in areas affected by groundwater, on damp cliffs, slopes (rubble fans) and heathland , i.e. mainly in damp places at altitudes between 0 and 2300 meters. The north-western homeland is the Aleutian Islands .
Systematics
This species was in 1822 under the name Saxifraga pyrolifolia of David Don in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , 13 (2), pp 389 firstdescribed . Robert Brown established the new genus Leptarrhena in Chloris Melvilliana , 15 in 1823 with the two species Leptarrhena pyrolifolia and Leptarrhena amplexifolia . The second species Leptarrhena amplexifolia , first described as Saxifraga amplexifolia by Kaspar Maria von Sternberg also in Revisio Saxifragarum , I. 2, Plate 2, in 1822 , turned out to be synonymous with Leptarrhena pyrolifolia . A valid publication for this species is today Robert Brown in Nicolas Charles Seringe : Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , Part 4, 1830, p. 48. Both species were described in the same year; Richard J. Gornall discussed and decided in 1985 whether Leptarrhena amplexifolia or Leptarrhena pyrolifolia should be given preference. Other synonyms are: Saxifraga coriacea Ser. Fish , Leptarrhena inundata Kellogg , Leptarrhena micrantha . & Raf. , Saxifraga micrantha DC. , Saxifraga parviflora Cham. , Saxifraga unalaschensis Sternb.
The generic name Leptarrhena is derived from the Greek words leptos for thin and arrhen for masculine and refers to the stamens . The specific epithet pyrolifolia means the leaves look like those of pyrola .
use
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia was used in folk medicine . The Aleutian people of Alaska used a foliage infusion to treat influenza , and the Nlaka'pamux (Thompson Indians) of British Columbia used an envelope made from chewed, fresh leaves on wounds.
Nothing is known about its current use by humans.
swell
- Craig C. Freeman, Richard K. Rabeler: Leptarrhena in the Flora of North America , Volume 8, 2009, p. 131: Genus and Species - Online.
- Le Roy Abrams & Roxana Stinchfield Ferris: An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California , Volume 2 by Buckwheats to Kramerias , Stanford University Press, 1923. ISBN 9780804700047 : Leptarrhena on p. 355 at Google Books Online.
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Brown in Nicolas Charles Seringe: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , Part 4, 1830, p. 48 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ RJ Gornall: Nomenclature and Typification of Leptarrhena (Saxifragaceae) , in Taxon, Volume 34, No. 2, 1985, pp. 280-283.
- ^ Daniel E. Moerman: Native American Ethnobotany , Timber Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0881924534
