Bergscharten

Bergscharten
	Cone head ( Rhaponticum coniferum )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Carduoideae
Tribe :	Cynareae
Sub tribus :	Centaureinae
Genre :	Bergscharten
Scientific name
	Rhaponticum
	Vaill.

The Bergscharten ( Rhaponticum ) are a genus of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration from Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 1810 of the cone head ( Rhaponticum coniferum )

Vegetative characteristics

The Rhaponticum species are perennial herbaceous plants with simple, rarely branched stems . The leaves are simple to pinnate .

Generative characteristics

The cup-shaped inflorescence sits at the end of the stem . The bracts are skin-margined.

They form achenes . The pappus is hairy.

Systematics and distribution

External system

The genus Rhaponticum belongs to the subtribe Centaureinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Closest related is the genus Klasea Cass.

Taxonomy

The genus Rhaponticum was established by Sébastien Vaillant . Synonyms for Rhaponticum Vaill. are: Acroptilon Cass. , Leuzea DC. , Stemmacantha Cass. . The systematics of this group has long been controversial and so many synonyms emerged that are used in old to new literature. What is new is that the species of the former genus Centaurothamnus Wagenitz & Dittrich are also included here (Oriane Hidalgo et al. 2006).

Rhaponticum centauroides

Feather flower ( Rhaponticum repens )

Rhaponticum scariosum

Alpen-Bergscharte ( Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. Rhaponticum )

Species and their distribution

The distribution area of the genus Rhaponticum extends from the Iberian Peninsula across the Alps and the entire Mediterranean region (including North Africa and the Middle East) across Eastern Europe , the Caucasus and Altai to Central Asia . Some species are invasive plants in many areas of the world .

Here is a list of the 25 to 27 Rhaponticum species according to Oriane Hidalgo et al. 2006 with the synonyms most frequently used in the literature:

Rhaponticum acaule (L.) DC. : It occurs in Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia and Libya .
Rhaponticum aulieatense Iljin : It is distributed in Central Asia.
Rhaponticum australe (Gaudich.) Soskov : The only species of the Subtribus Centaureinae originally native to Australia.
Rhaponticum berardioides (Batt.) Hidalgo (Syn .: Leuzea berardioides Batt. ). Also called the subspecies Rhaponticum coniferum subsp. berardioides (Batt.) Greuter placed on Rhaponticum coniferum . The home is Morocco.
Rhaponticum canariense DC. : The only species in the Canary Islands (Tenerife).
Safflower sill, deer root, maral root or maral plant ( Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin , Syn .: Cnicus carthamoides Willd. , Leuzea carthamoides (Willd.) DC. , Stemmacantha carthamoides (Willd.) Dittrich ): She is Russia , Kazakhstan , Kazakhstan in Mongolia and in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region .

Rhaponticum centauroides (L.) O.Bolòs , (Syn .: Rhaponticum cynaroides Less .; Cnicus centauroides L. ): It occurs in Spain and France .

Cone head ( Rhaponticum coniferum (L.) Greuter , Syn .: Centaurea conifera L. , Leuzea conifera (L.) DC. ): It is widespread in southern Europe and North Africa.

Rhaponticum cossonianum (Ball) Greuter : The homeland is Morocco.

Rhaponticum exaltatum (Will.) Greuter : It occurs in Portugal , southern Spain and Morocco.

Rhaponticum fontqueri (Sauvage) Hidalgo (Syn .: Leuzea fontqueri Sauvage ). Is considered a synonym for Rhaponticum coniferum at Euro + Med.

Rhaponticum heleniifolium Godr. & Gren. (Syn .: Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. Heleniifolium (Godr. & Gren.) Nyman ): It occurs in France, Switzerland , Italy and Austria .

Rhaponticum insigne (Boiss.) Wagenitz : It occurs in Turkey .

Rhaponticum integrifolium C. Winkl. : It occurs in Central Asia.

Rhaponticum karatavicum Iljin : It occurs only in Turkestan .

Rhaponticum longifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Dittrich : It occurs in Portugal and Morocco.

Rhaponticum lyratum C. Winkl. ex Ilyin : It occurs in Central Asia.

Rhaponticum namanganicum Iljin : It occurs in Central Asia.

Rhaponticum nanum Lipsky : It occurs in Central Asia and Afghanistan , with the subspecies:

Rhaponticum nanum Lipsky subsp. nanum
Rhaponticum nanum Lipsky subsp. pellucidum (Rech. f.) Dittrich : It occurs in Afghanistan.

Rhaponticum nitidum fish. : It occurs in Central Asia.

Schöne Bergscharte ( Rhaponticum pulchrum Fisch. & CAMeyer , Syn .: Leuzea pulchra (Fisch. & CAMey.) Holub ): It occurs in Azerbaijan , Georgia and Russia.

Feather flower ( Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo , Syn .: Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. , Centaurea picris Pall. Ex Willd. , Centaurea repens L. ): Home is Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Asia; it is a neophyte worldwide.

Lamarcks Bergscharte ( Rhaponticum scariosum Lam. ): There are about two subspecies:

Alpen-Bergscharte or Giant Knapweed ( Rhaponticum scariosum subsp. Rhaponticum (L.) Greuter , Syn .: Centaurea rhapontica L. , Leuzea rhapontica (L.) Holub , Stemmacantha rhapontica (L.) Dittrich ): It occurs in Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland.
Lamarck's Bergscharte ( Rhaponticum scariosum Lam. Subsp. Scariosum ): It occurs in France, Switzerland and Italy.

Rhaponticum serratuloides (Georgi) Bobrov : It occurs in Romania , Moldova , Ukraine , Russia and Turkey .

Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. (Syn .: Cnicus uniflorus L. , Stemmacantha uniflora (L.) Dittrich ): It iswidespreadin China, Korea , Russia and Mongolia.

swell

Oriane Hidalgo, Núria Garcia-Jacas, Teresa Garnatje, Alfonso Susanna: Phylogeny of Rhaponticum (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) and related genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data: taxonomic and biogeographic implications. In: Ann. Bot. , Volume 97, 2006, pp. 705-714: Online.
Rhaponticum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rhaponticum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Rhaponticum. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

Web links

Commons : Bergscharten ( Rhaponticum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Entries about Rhaponticum in Plants For A Future

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[GRIN-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rhaponticum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Rhaponticum. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.