Licania

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Licania
Licania tomentosa as an avenue tree

Licania tomentosa as an avenue tree

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Gold plum family (Chrysobalanaceae)
Tribe : Chrysobalaneae
Genre : Licania
Scientific name
Licania
Aubl.

Licania is a genus of plants withinthe gold plum family (Chrysobalanaceae). Most of the over 210 species are common in South America ; only twelve species occur in North America , three in Asia and one in Africa .

description

Appearance

Within the genus Licania there are both shrubs and trees that reach heights of up to 35 meters. A few exceptions, such as Licania dealbata and Licania michauxii, are also semi-shrubby .

leaves

The alternate leaves are simple and have entire margins.

The underside of the leaf is important for differentiating the species. There are essentially five different types here. In most cases the hair is woolly and covers the entire underside of the leaf. In the simplest case, however, the veins are inconspicuous and the underside of the leaf is hairless. In the third form, the leaf veins are covered with hairs. In the area of ​​the subgenus Licania , some species have brittle hairs on the underside of the leaves, which is unique in the family of the golden plum plants. In the latter case, there are small chambers due to pronounced veins. The upper side of the leaf is usually covered with glands in an area around the petiole, only the petiole itself is glandless with the exception of Licania licaniiflora .

In addition, there are three forms of mostly durable stipules. The first type are small, detached, awl-shaped leaflets. Those of the second type start at the side and have the shape of a narrow one . The last type is intrapetiolar.

Inflorescence, flowers and fruits

Fruits of Licania tomentosa

The inflorescence also comes in different forms. Most often it consists of a sessile, branched or simple, zymous grape . The cymes of the grape are seldom short-stemmed with short-stemmed flowers .

The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical or slightly zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The only exception is the only African species Licania elaeosperma , whose flowers are unisexual. The flower base, which is hairy on the inside, is usually cup-shaped or urn-shaped with a diameter of 1 to 8 millimeters; sometimes it is top-shaped or kneecap-shaped. There are both five sepals . There are usually five petals , but they can be missing. The number of stamens ranges from three to 40, with the mostly bare stamens either forming a circle or only sitting on one side. The seated near the base of the flower ovary are einblättrig and unicompartmental. The stylus is thread-shaped and has three inconspicuous lobes at its tip.

The stone fruits are 12 by 8 millimeters to 10 by 5 centimeters in size. The outer skin of the fruit is either tomentose, smooth or warty.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Licania was established in 1775 by Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée Aublet in Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise , 1, p. 119, plate 45. The botanical genus name Licania is derived from the original Caribbean name Calignia . Type species is Licania incana Aubl. Synonyms for Licania Aubl. are: Afrolicania Mildbr. , Coccomelia Ridl. , Dahuronia Scop. , Hedycrea Schreb. , Lincania G.Don , Plegerina B.D.Jacks. , Trichocarya Miq.

Licania species occur pantropically . Most of the Licania species are found in rainforests. Exceptions are, for example, Licania michauxii , which even grows on sand dunes in Florida , and Licania arborea, which occurs in dry forests from Peru to Mexico .

Licania is a genus in the tribe Chrysobalaneae within the family Chrysobalanaceae . The genus Licania is divided into five sub-genera. In the subgenus Licania , the species usually have less than ten stamens and are common in the New World. The species of the subgenus Moquilea (Aubl.) Prance , which also only occur in America, have between ten and twenty stamens. The other three subgenera contain only a few species each. The South American Licania licaniiflora is the only species of the subgenus Parinariopsis Huber . The subgenus Afrolicania is the only African species Licania elaeosperma . The Asian species are found in the subgenus Angelesia (Korth.) Prance & F.White . The sub-genera Moquilea , Afrolicania and Angelesia are regarded as independent genera according to R. Govaerts.

Licania arborea
Licania humilis
Licania littoralis
Licania nitida
Licania rigida
Licania sclerophylla

Types (selection)

The genus Licania includes more than 210 species. Here is a list of species as assessed by Kew - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families :

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

use

The fruits of some species are eaten and some species are used as ornamental plants.

From the seeds of licania rigida is oiticica and licania arborea the Cacahuanancheöl won, they are mainly used in the paint industry.

swell

literature

  • Ghillean T. Prance: Flora Neotropica , Volume 009: Supplement: Chrysobalanaceae , 1989, pp. 74-75.
  • Ghillean T. Prance: Chrysobalanaceae In: Rodrigo Bernal, Enrique Forero (Eds.): Flora de Colombia , Volume 19, 2001, pp. 111-124.
  • Ghillean T. Prance, F. White: The Genera of Chrysobalanaceae: A Study in Practical and Theoretical Taxonomy and Its Relevance to Evolutionary Biology , In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . Series B, Biological Sciences, Volume 320, No. 1197, 1988, pp. 1-184. Abstract online.
  • Ghillean T. Prance, Cynthia A. Sothers: Chrysobalanaceae 1 & 2 , In: Species Plantarum: Flora of the World , 9, 10, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 2003, pp. 1-319 and pp. 1-268.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. ^ Licania at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 18, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Licania. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  4. ^ Ghillean T. Prance: Chrysobalanaceae In: Rodrigo Bernal, Enrique Forero (ed.): Flora de Colombia , Volume 19, 2001, p. 111 ff.
  5. ↑ Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-1004-1 , p. 533 ff.
  6. ^ Heinz A. Hoppe: Drug Science. Volume 1: Angiosperms , 8th edition, De Gruyter, 1975, ISBN 3-11-003849-8 , p. 650.

Web links

Commons : Licania  - collection of images, videos and audio files