Liliʻuokalani

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Liliʻuokalani at a young age.
Liliʻuokalani

Liliʻuokalani (also called Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha, Liliʻu Kamakaʻeha or Lydia Pākī) (born September 2, 1838 in Honolulu , Kingdom of Hawaii , †  November 11, 1917 in Honolulu, Hawaii Territory ) was the last Queen of Hawaii from 1891 to 1893 .

Life

When she was born, Liliʻuokalani was given the name Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha and was initially called Liliʻu Kamakaʻeha as a child. When she was baptized, her name officially changed to Lydia Pākī . She grew up with adoptive parents in accordance with Hawaiian tradition. She was then educated at the royal school run by American missionaries. She learned English and converted to the Congregational Church . She lived with King Kamehameha IV and his wife Emma. First she was supposed to marry their son, Prince Lunalilo , but in 1862 she decided in favor of the Croatian-born American John Owen Dominis , the son of a captain from Boston .

Liliʻuokalani's brother David Kalākaua succeeded Lunalilo on the throne, but remained childless. Liliʻuokalani was appointed heir to the throne on April 10, 1877 after her brother Leleiohoku died. On this occasion, she also received the official name Liliʻuokalani from her brother. She founded several schools with the aim of providing a proper education , especially for young women of Hawaiian descent . In 1887 she first traveled to Europe, where she met the British Queen Victoria , and visited President Cleveland in the USA .

After the death of Liliʻuokalani's brother, she was proclaimed queen on January 29, 1891. Their attempts to give the Hawaiian crown more power failed because of the interests of the USA. The abolition of the tariff advantage on imports of Hawaiian sugar into the US in 1890 plunged the country into a severe economic crisis. In 1893 Liliʻuokalani tried to enforce a new constitution, but failed again. American citizens who lived in Hawai'i as wealthy owners of sugar cane plantations founded a “Committee for Public Safety” and campaigned for the abolition of the monarchy . The "banana baron" Sanford Dole was in charge here . With his help, US Marines landed on Hawaii in 1893 and placed the Queen under house arrest.

Liliʻuokalani, the last Queen of Hawaii (ca.1917)

In 1894 the US usurpers proclaimed the Republic of Hawaii and Sanford Dole became its first and only president. At the beginning of 1895 a group of royalists tried with a coup d' état to save the independence of Hawaii and to bring the queen back to power. After the failure of this rebellion, Liliʻuokalani was arrested, convicted of high treason and imprisoned in the ʻIolani Palace . As a prize for the release of her supporters from the prisons , Queen Liliʻuokalani formally abdicated in 1895 and returned to Washington, DC , but could not achieve any success in the cause of Hawaiian freedom. In 1898 Hawai'i was annexed by the USA because of its strategic location in the Spanish-American War . Liliʻuokalani received a pension and had to spend the rest of her life at her father-in-law's home in Honolulu. She died of a stroke .

She was musical and composed well over 100 songs, including the world-famous Aloha ʻOe .

The story of Liliʻuokalani was the model for the operetta The Flower of Hawaii by Paul Abraham .

  • Liliʻuokalani Monument in Honolulu

  • Detail of the statue

literature

  • Allen, Helena G .: The betrayal of Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 . Mutual Publ., Honolulu, Hawaii 1982, ISBN 0-935180-89-3 (English, 432 pages).
  • Chambers Biographical Dictionary , Edinburgh 2002, p. 927, ISBN 0-550-10051-2

Web links

Commons : Liliʻuokalani  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Allen, Helena G .: The betrayal of Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 . Mutual Publ., Honolulu, Hawaii 1982, ISBN 0-935180-89-3 (English, 432 pages). Pp. 36, 40, 147
  2. ↑ Paki in Place Names of Hawai'i
  3. ↑ liliʻu in Hawaiian Dictionaries , loloku in Hawaiian Dictionaries , walania in Hawaiian Dictionaries , maka in Hawaiian Dictionaries , ʻeha in Hawaiian Dictionaries
  4. ^ Allen, Helena G .: The betrayal of Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 . Mutual Publ., Honolulu, Hawaii 1982, ISBN 0-935180-89-3 (English, 432 pages). P. 36
  5. ^ Allen, Helena G .: The betrayal of Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 . Mutual Publ., Honolulu, Hawaii 1982, ISBN 0-935180-89-3 (English, 432 pages). P. 40
  6. ↑ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN DOMINIS-GOSPODNETICH ( Memento from April 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Liliʻuokalani: Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen , chap. VIII.
  8. ^ Allen, Helena G .: The betrayal of Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii, 1838-1917 . Mutual Publ., Honolulu, Hawaii 1982, ISBN 0-935180-89-3 (English, 432 pages). P. 147
  9. ^ Judith Freeman Clark: The Gilded Age , p. 261. ISBN , accessed on January 28, 2012
  10. ↑ Joachim Reisaus, The return of the "Flower of Hawaii" to Leipzig
personal data
SURNAME Liliʻuokalani
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha; Liliʻu Kamakaʻeha; Lydia Pākī
BRIEF DESCRIPTION hawaiian queen
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Honolulu , Kingdom of Hawaii
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1917
Place of death Honolulu , Territory of Hawaii