Lischana glacier
| Lischana glacier | ||
|---|---|---|
 Lischana glacier as seen from Maiensäss Prui above Ftan in 1922 . To the left of the Piz Lischana glacier , to the right of it Piz San Jon . |
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| location | Graubünden , Switzerland | |
| Mountains | Sesvenna group | |
| Type | Plateau glacier | |
| length | 3.5 km extension around 1850, today reduced to relics (as of 2012). | |
| surface | 4 km² expansion around 1850, relict total today approx. 4 hectares (as of 2012). | |
| Exposure | Mostly to the east; Triazza Relic: North; Lischana Relic: Northwest. | |
| Altitude range | 3033 m above sea level M. - 2600 m above sea level M. (1850) | |
| width | Max. 1.5 km | |
| Coordinates | 822 799 / 182714 | |
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| drainage | Aua da Sesvenna, Clemgia , Inn | |
| particularities | Second largest glacier in the Lower Engadine in the 19th century | |
The Lischana glacier was a large plateau glacier in the Lower Engadine until the 19th century . Today it has shrunk to two small relics.
The former firn area is littered with numerous mountain lakes, including the Lais da Rims .
Surname
The Swiss map series marked the Lischanagletscher 1853-1924 Romansh as Vadret Lischanna (German Lischannagletscher ), and occasionally the spelling appeared in the literature Vadrett Lischanna . In 1925 the eponymous mountain peak changed from Piz Lischana to Piz Rims and from then on the glacier was called Vadret da Rims (German: Rimsgletscher ), although Piz Rims was already about 2 kilometers away from the shrinking glacier area at that time. The term Vadret since Lischanna was only for the smaller, in the Val Lischana flowing cirque used. The orthographic correction for Vadret da Lischana took place with the map issue of 1952.
location
In the middle of the 19th century, at the end of the Little Ice Age , the Lischana glacier covered an area of approx. 4 square kilometers, namely the area that is bounded by the peaks Piz Lischana, Piz San Jon , Piz d'Immez and Piz Curtinatsch . The Lischana Glacier was - after the Silvretta Glacier - the second largest glacier in the Lower Engadine and the largest on the right side of the valley.
The glacier reached its deepest point around 1850 in the Val Lischana at about 2600 m above sea level. M. During the Würm glaciation at the end of the ice age (approximately to 8000 v. Chr.) The Lischanagletscher reached into layers of 2,000 m above sea level. M. down.
The eastern Vadret da Rims , the former main part of the Lischana Glacier, existed until 1996.
The western Vadret da Lischana has retreated 400 meters between 1895 and 2008. One last advance was made in the two winters from 1964 to 1966, each by around 27 meters. Measured in 1973 with 0.9 square kilometers and 900 m in length, the corresponding values in 2000 were 0.1 square kilometers or 400 m. It disappeared from the national map between 2002 and 2004.
All that remains of the original Lischana glacier is the remains of the glacier at the top of the Val Lischana and the Vadret da Triazza , a small, north-facing firn area in a hollow between Piz Lischana and Piz Triazza .
Politically, today's plateau belongs to the municipality of Sent GR . The remaining glacier remains in Val Lischana and Val Triazza belong to the municipality of Scuol .
Lakes
Until the end of the 19th century, the Lischana glacier was an extensive plateau glacier. There were several small lakes on its edge, but also in the middle of the ice plateau, about 200 northwest of today's Lai d'Immez , there was a permanent lake about 100 m long, which only disappeared in the 1920s.
The area of today's Lais da Rims (German Rims lakes ) was outside the glaciated area as early as the middle of the 19th century, as was the dolinen lake Lai da Gonda Grossa (German lake of the large scree slope ) , located a little deeper in an outflow-free basin .
The Lai d'Immez (German Mittelsee ) formed from the mid-1920s on the edge of the Vadret d'Immez , a glacier relic of the Lischana glacier on the northern slope of the Piz d'Immez . The lake grew to its current size of 4 hectares in the mid-1960s, making it the largest lake on the plateau today. Its water level is today at 2832 m above sea level. M.
Also in the mid-1920s, the Lajet da Lischana (German Lischana-Seelein ) formed under the retreat of the Vadret da Rims , the former main part of the Lischana Glacier. It too did not grow to its present size until the 1960s and is now 2857 m above sea level. M.
Of the lakes of today's high plateau, only the Lajet da Lischana has an above-ground runoff, namely at the Fora dal aua (German water hole ). This outflow leads as Aua Sesvenna (German Sesvennabach ) into the Clemgia and from there into the Inn .
Hiking area
The Fuorcla da Rims , the highest point of the former Lischana glacier, can be reached in 1.5 hours from the Lischana hut . Hiking trails lead from there to the Piz Lischana , via Lajet da Lischana to S-charl or past the Lais da Rims to the Schlinigpass , the transition from the Schlinig Valley to the Val d'Uina . The difficulty of most of the hiking routes in the area of the former Lischana Glacier is between T2 and T4 .
fauna
There are marmots and ibex in the area .
Linguistic world
legend
According to the Romanesque legend Il Grip da la sumglientscha (German The Rock of Similarity ), a human head could be seen on a rock face on Piz Mezdi from the former glacier lake . The news was that someone with a face like this rock face would become the happiest person. A stone cutter who came down into the valley recognized a great resemblance to his face in the reflection of the rock face and wished he would look even more like the face of the rock. Instead, he lost the resemblance for several weeks and moved back to the lowlands. However, under various circumstances, over the course of many years, he returned to the area, and his face came closer to or further away from the shape of the rock face. One evening the people of the valley found the stone cutter dead next to the glacial lake at sunset and were amazed that his face now completely resembled the face of the rock.
The legend was taken up literarily by the Lower Engadine writers Jon Semadeni and Cla Biert .
Weather rules
Two weather rules from Scuol with reference to the Lischana Glacier are in the Lower Engadine idiom Vallader :
“ Scha'l vadret da Lischana as muossa da dalöntsch in s-chüra culur, as müda l'ora bainbod. "
"If the Lischana Glacier is dark in color from a distance, the weather will soon change."
“ Schi's vezza bain ils quatter auals chi cuorran gio dal vadret Lischana, schi's müda l'ora. "
"When the four streams that flow down from the Lischana Glacier become clearly visible, the weather changes."
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dufour card .
- ↑ Example: About the relationship between topography and geology when depicting mountain maps . Jakob Melchior Ziegler, 1869. Wurster, Winterthur.
- ^ Siegfried map , as of 1925.
- ^ Siegfried map , as of 1952.
- ↑ Ice Age: Western Eastern Alps with their Bavarian foreland up to the Inn breakthrough and Southern Alps between the Dolomites and Mont Blanc. René Hantke. 1983.
- ↑ Country topography 1996/1998.
- ↑ Length measurement Vadret da Lischana (PDF; 147 kB), Glacier reports (1881–2002). "The glaciers of the Swiss Alps", yearbooks of the Glaciological Commission of the Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences (SCNAT) published since 1964 by the Research Institute for Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) of the ETH Zurich. No. 1-122. Accessed September 9, 2013.
- ↑ Swiss Glacier Inventory 2000, cited in Glaciers and Climate Change in Graubünden (PDF; 1.0 MB), Office for Forest, Graubünden, 2009. Accessed on September 9, 2013.
- ↑ Country topography 2002/2004.
- ↑ The Lower Engadine in the Greenhouse ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Matura thesis Marius Jenny, with a picture of the remains of the Lischana Glacier (picture ETH Zurich, status 2002). PDF accessed on September 9, 2013.
- ^ Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland. 1902.
- ^ Description and picture of the Lais da Rims, website of Sent GR. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ^ Image of the Lai da Gonda Grossa , website of Sent GR. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ↑ image of the Lai d'Immez , site of Sent GR. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ^ Description and picture of the Lajet da Lischana , website of Sent GR. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ↑ Image of the Fora dal Aua , hiking description at hikr.org. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ↑ Tour information ( memento of September 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) of the Lischanahütte. Accessed September 10, 2013.
- ^ Menu card of the Lischanahütte from 2012. Accessed on September 9, 2013.
- ↑ Unclear identification: There is no Piz Mezdi in the Lischana area; It is possible to identify with Piz San Jon d'Immez , which is located in the south of Scoul (Roman. mezdi ). The Piz Mezdi in the Val S-charl is relatively far away.
- ^ Jon Semadeni: Il grip da la sumglientscha . Short story published in the Annalas da la Societad Retorumantscha , 1981.
- ^ Cla Biert: La legenda del grip della sumglientscha. In: La müdada. (German Die Wende ). Self-published, Thusis 1962, OCLC 837858275 .