List of monasteries in East and West Prussia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oliva Monastery

The list of monasteries in East and West Prussia includes former monasteries in the historical regions of Pomerania and Kulmerland ( West Prussia ), as well as Warmia and Ducal Prussia ( East Prussia ).

history

1185 to 1517

The Cistercian, Premonstratensian and Benedictine monasteries in Oliva (1185/86), Zuckau (around 1209), St. Albrecht (before 1222), Zarnowitz (before 1235) and Pelplin (1258), as well as the mendicant monasteries in Danzig (1227), Neuchâtel (1282) and Dirschau (1289) were founded by the dukes of Pomerania, the Byschewo monastery (1256) by the duke of Kuyavia. From around 1238 ( Kulm ), the Teutonic Order continued the foundings in the areas it had conquered, and had 28 of its own to come . The Cistercian convents in Kulm and Thorn were founded by the bishops of Kulm.

In 1517 there were 9 monasteries and 6 followers in the Prussian Order , and 26 monasteries (including 4 in Warmia ) in Prussia, a royal part that had belonged to Poland since 1466 .

1517 to 1772

With the Reformation from around 1520, all monasteries in the new Duchy of Prussia were dissolved. In Polish Prussia some monasteries were stormed or closed (Danzig, Thorn), others remained. From 1564 branches of the Jesuits (Heilsberg, Braunsberg) were founded in the course of the Counter Reformation, later Franciscan monasteries (St. Bernard, Reformed), Vincentian and other orders were added.

In 1772 there were over 50 monasteries in Polish Prussia ( at least 10 of them in Warmia ).

1772 to 1945

In that year Polish Prussia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia, most of it to West Prussia, the Warmia to East Prussia. In 1773 the Jesuit settlements were dissolved, from 1807 to 1830 almost all other monasteries and convents in this area. Some monks and nuns were able to stay there for a while. By 1850 almost all of the facilities had been transferred to another use or had fallen into disrepair. The Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent von Paul were allowed to exist in Kulm and Bislaw , as were the Catharine Sisters in Braunsberg. In Eckertsdorf , East Prussia , a monastery was founded around 1835 for Russian Orthodox Old Believers who had fled.

Since 1945

After 1945 some monasteries were reoccupied in the now Polish areas, and after 1990 more were founded. In the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad, three Orthodox women's monasteries were established in 1999.

West Prussia

Monasteries

Augustinian Hermits

Benedictine

Merciful Brothers of St. John of God

  • Gdansk Convention

Brothers of life together

  • Culm Brothers House (Chełmno)

Dominican

Franciscan

St. Bernard

  • Bernardine Monastery Cadinen (Kadyny)
  • St. Bernard Monastery Jakobsdorf (Zamarte)
  • Franciscan Observant Monastery Lauenburg (Lębork)
  • St. Bernard Monastery in Löbau (Lubawa)
  • Bernardine Monastery Neuchâtel (Nowe)
  • St. Bernard Monastery of Toruń
  • Bernardine Monastery Schwetz (Świecie)

Reformates

  • Bislaw Monastery (Bysławek)
  • Christburg Monastery (Dzierzgoń)
  • Lonk Monastery (Ląki)
  • Reformate monastery Graudenz (Grudziądz)
  • Neustadt Monastery
  • Podgorz Monastery
  • Stolzenberg Reformate Monastery
  • Reformate monastery Strasburg (Brodnica)

Order of the Holy Spirit

  • Riesenburg Monastery (Prabuty)

Jesuit

Capuchin

  • Rehwalde Monastery (Rywałdz)

Carmelite

Carthusian

Missionaries of Saint Vincent de Paul

Pauliner

  • Pauline monastery Topolno

Cistercians

Nunneries

Premonstratensian women

Cistercian women

Benedictines or Cistercians

Benedictine women

Brigitten

Sisters of mercy of Saint Vincent de Paul

East Prussia

Antonites

  • Antoniterkloster Frauenburg

Augustinian Hermits

Dominican

Franciscan

Franciscan Observants (Saint Bernard dogs)

Jesuit

Catharine women

  • Katharinerinnenkloster Braunsberg, founding monastery
  • Katharinerinnenkloster Heilsberg
  • Katharinerinnenkloster Rößel
  • Katharinerinnenkloster Wormditt

Cistercian women

Russian Orthodox

literature

So far there is no comprehensive overview.

  • Rafał Kubicki : The role of the mendicant orders in the Order of Prussia . In: Stefan Samerski (Ed.): Cura animarum. Pastoral care in the Teutonic Order of Prussia . Conference publication, Danzig 2010 (= research and sources on the church and cultural history of East Germany . Vol. 45). Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-21027-4 . Pp. 74-91. PDF
  • Jürgen Sarnowsky : Dominicans and Franciscans in the Order of Prussia. In: Michael Robson, Stefan Röhrkasten (Ed.): Franciscan Organization in the Mendicant Context . LIT Verlag, Berlin 2010. pp. 43-66 .
  • Heinrich Friedrich Jacobson : Contribution to the history of the Prussian monasteries . In: Leopold von Ledebur (ed.): New General Archive for the History of the Prussian State. Volume 1. Berlin, Posen, Bromberg 1836. pp. 47-66 .
  • Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order. Königsberg 1834. pp. 756-768

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rafał Kubicki : Remarks on the process of institutionalization of mendicant orders and their role in pastoral work based on the example of the Dominion of the Teutonic Order in Prussia from the 13th to the beginning of the 16th Century. In: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis . Vol. 29. 2004. pp. 16–29, especially p. 18 ( PDF ), describes the establishment of mendicant orders in the area
  2. ^ Rafał Kubicki: The role of the mendicant orders in the Order of Prussia . In: Stefan Samerski (Ed.): Cura animarum. Pastoral care in the Teutonic Order of Prussia . Conference publication, Danzig 2010 (= research and sources on the church and cultural history of East Germany . Vol. 45). Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-21027-4 . Pp. 74–91, here p. 91 with a map of all monasteries in Prussia in 1517 PDF
  3. ↑ Rafał Kubicki: Akta rejencji w Gdańsku i Kwidzynie oraz Nadprezydium Prowincji Prusy Zachodnie dotyczące kasat klasztorów przeprowadzonych w pierwszej połowie XIX w. In: P. Oliński, W. Rozynkowski (red.): Źródła i materiały do ​​badań nad kasatami klasztorów z obszaru Pomorza . Wrocław 2015. pp. 11–38. PDF with archival material on the dissolution of the individual monasteries and a map of all monasteries in West Prussia around 1800, p. 16, lists 37 convents; in addition there were the previous Jesuit settlements, as well as the monasteries in Warmia (Franciscans, Catharine Sisters, Jesuits)