List of stumbling blocks in the district of Emmendingen

The list of stumbling blocks in the Emmendingen district contains an overview of the stumbling blocks in the Emmendingen district of Baden-Württemberg . Stumbling blocks are supposed to remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists. The stumbling blocks were laid by Gunter Demnig. As a rule, they are relocated before the victim's last freely chosen place of residence.

Denzlingen

The stumbling blocks in Denzlingen were laid on July 9, 2018 as part of the artist Gunter Demnig's project . Prior to this, the Denzlingen municipal council had unanimously voted in its meeting on July 25, 2017 in favor of the laying of stumbling blocks, which was initiated by the working group “Nazi Time in Denzlingen”.

The day before the relocation, Demnig gave a lecture on the subject of “Stumbling blocks - traces and paths” in Michael’s Church, in which he explained his life's work as an artist and the motifs for laying the stumbling blocks.

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	BORN HERE ANNA BASSINGER GEB. REITZEL JG. 1891 JEHOVA'S WITNESS IN PRISON SINCE 1935 1940 RAVENSBRÜCK 'RELOCATED' 8th May 1942 BERNBURG MURDERED 8th May 1942	Hauptstrasse 233	Anna Bassinger , née Reitzel, was born on October 11, 1891, the daughter of Carl Reitzel and his wife Wilhelmine. Her parents ran the Hirschen inn , which existed until the end of 2019. In May 1911 Anna Reitzel married the railway inspector Otto Bassinger. The couple had two children, Heinz and Anneliese. In 1920 the husband was transferred and the family moved to St. Georgen / Black Forest. There she came into contact with so-called Bible Students, and in 1923 Bassinger became a Jehovah's Witness . The husband died on November 18, 1924. In 1930 she moved with the children to Gera in Thuringia and became engaged to Erich Conrad, a typesetter for the “Geraer Nachrichten”, also a Jehovah's Witness. In 1935 the Nazi regime began massive reprisals against the religious community, which strictly rejects military service and war. Anna Bassinger was arrested for the first time, again in 1937, and her fiancé was also arrested. In June 1938, nine Jehovah's Witnesses were tried by the Weimar Special Court, Anna Bassinger was sentenced to two and a half years and Erich Conrad to four and a half years. She was transferred to the Leipzig-Kleinmeusdorf women's prison. She became a grandmother while in custody. The daughter, married since 1937, had given birth to a daughter. Anna Bassinger corresponded with Erich Conrad, who, however, did not receive all of her letters. Because she refused to break away from the religious community, she was transferred to the Ravensbrück concentration camp after the end of her regular detention . Her son, now an officer in the Wehrmacht, was unable to get his mother released. She was assigned to hard work and when she collapsed one day, the guards chased dogs on her. Due to the injuries, she was no longer able to work and was transferred to the Bernburg killing center . On May 8, 1942, Anna Bassinger was murdered in a gas chamber there. Her daughter was reported to be the cause of death from cardiovascular failure from gastric bleeding. Heinz Bassinger fell in the Crimea. Erich Conrad survived the Nazi era. He died in the 1970s. In 2013, the first stumbling block for Anna Bassinger was laid at Reinhold-Straße 3 von Gera.
	JAKOB BÜHLER JG LIVED HERE . 1897 ARRESTED IN 1938 AS ASOCIAL STIGMATIZED 1938 DACHAU 1941 RAVENSBRÜCK 'RELOCATED' 23.3.1942 BERNBURG MURDERED 23.3.1942	Hauptstrasse 53	Jakob Bühler was born on March 17, 1897 in Eichstetten am Kaiserstuhl . In 1923 he married Anna Scherberger in Denzlingen. The couple lived in his wife's home and had three children. The family ran a small farm, raised pigs, chickens and a cow, and the income was modest. Bühler supplied the market and private customers, but without official approval. This was followed by repression, the withdrawal of the driver's license and the assignment of a job in the construction industry. Since he did not come to the assigned job regularly, but continued to deliver agricultural products on his motorcycle, he was arrested and stigmatized as "anti-social". Even after his wife died on August 5, 1938 after an operation, he was not given a release. Bühler was not allowed to look after his children, who were housed with relatives in the village. In August 1938 he was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp and later to the Ravensbrück concentration camp . Jakob Bühler was murdered on March 23, 1942 in a gas chamber at the Bernburg an der Saale killing center .
	KAZIMIERZ DWORAK JG FORCEDLY LIVED HERE . 1917 POLISH WAR PRISONER FORCED LABOR MURDERED 09/14/1943	In the underground 63	Kazimierz Dworak was born on October 20, 1917 in Korytów, Poland. His parents were Jan Dworak and his wife, a née Kaluze. He was interned as a Polish prisoner of war in Denzlingen and assigned to forced labor in local companies. Dworak lived with other forced laborers of various nationalities in a camp barrack of the Reichsbahn. The prisoners of war were strictly forbidden to enter into relationships with German women. Love relationships were punished with death. On September 14, 1943, Kazimierz Dworak was shot dead by a guard "at 7.45 pm for mutiny and resistance". So it was recorded in the death register of the registry office of the community of Denzlingen. There was no investigation into the killing, nor any criminal proceedings. Kazimierz Dworak was buried east of St. George's Church at Denzlingen cemetery, in the entrance area of ​​the cemetery. In 2013 a delegation from Konstancin-Jeziorna , a twin town of Denzlingen, visited the grave. Relatives also came to visit in 2016. They did not know until then that Kasimierz Dworak was buried in Denzlingen.

Herbolzheim

The following stumbling block was laid in Herbolzheim :

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	ALOIS ZÄHRINGER JG LIVED HERE . 1921 OFF JOSEPH ANSTALT HERTEN INSTRUCTED 06.09.1940 Grafeneck KILLED 06.09.1940 ACTION T4		Alois Zähringer was born on September 29, 1921 in the Herbolzheim district of Bleichheim. His parents were the carpenter Friedrich Zähringer and Maria, née Ochsner. He had the siblings Hilda and Anna Cäcilie (born 1919). Anna died shortly after giving birth. After his mother's death in 1924, his father married again, and the second marriage resulted in three children. On August 9, 1929, Zähringer was admitted to the St. Joseph Institution in Herten ; according to his sister, he suffered from "seizures". His great-nephew researched that Alois Zähringer would have fallen over as a baby with the stroller and that he would have been damaged from this fall, at least that was the information from the family. The medical record again said: "Epilepsy, profound nonsense" and "Congenital idiocy with epilepsy and mental disorders". On August 20, 1940, he and 74 other boys and men were transferred to the Emmendingen sanatorium . The St. Josephs-Anstalt refused to help with the transport, the transport manager and his employees tried to bring the 75 people to be taken with them into the transport. There was so much excitement that residents of the city of Herten saw the whole thing and watched the loading. In the end, the nurses of the Herten asylum had to look for those who were out of the transport, who had been loaded but were not on the list, and exchanged them for those who had to go with it. The Emmendingen asylum was only a few kilometers away from his family's place of residence, but they did not find out about the relocation. On September 6, 1940, he was transferred from the Emmendingen institution to the Grafeneck killing center. Alois Zähringer was murdered there on the same day shortly after his arrival as part of the T4 campaign . His family received his urn a few days later, the official cause of death was "meningitis" and the date of death was September 16, 1940. On October 28, 1940, his urn was buried in his mother's grave. His sister Hilda married a few days after the death of her brother became known, in black. Alois Zähringer's welfare act was only destroyed after 1947. On September 4, 2010, the family published a death notice for Alois Zähringer in the Badische Zeitung and invited to a memorial event under the motto "Forgetting about annihilation is part of annihilation itself." Many family members met for the first time at this memorial event, the director of the St. Josef House in Herten and the mayor of Herbolzheim appeared.

Kenzingen

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	BERTHA DREIFUSS JG LIVED HERE . 1870 DEPORTED 1940 GURS MURDERED 7/11/1940	Brotstrasse 15	Bertha Dreifuss was born on June 20, 1870 in Kenzingen. Her parents were Abraham Dreifuss and Auguste, née Hirsch. She had four siblings, including Anna, Ludwig and Theo. She remained unmarried and lived in Kenzingen in her brother's household. Bertha Dreifuss was deported to Camp de Gurs on October 22, 1940 , a Nazi concentration camp in the French town of Gurs north of the Pyrenees. Bertha Dreifuss was murdered by the Nazi regime on November 7, 1940. Her brother Ludwig Dreifuss was also murdered by the Nazi regime.
	LUDWIG DREIFUSS JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1864 1940 GURS RÉCÉPEDOU MURDERED 12/20/1941	Brotstrasse 15	Ludwig Dreifuss was born on July 6, 1864 as the son of Abraham Dreifuss and Auguste, née Hirsch, in Kenzingen. The family originally came from Altdorf , around ten kilometers north of Kenzingen. He had four siblings, including Anna, Bertha and Theo. He married Karoline Epstein (1870–1940). The couple had five sons, Julius (1896), Sigfried (1897), Ernst (1898), who died of scarlet fever at the age of six, Adolf (1899) and Max (1905). He ran a fabric and haberdashery shop in Kenzingen. In the First World War he served as a soldier. Siegfried also served in the war. In 1920 Siegfried found a job with Epstein and Co. in Freiburg. In 1928 he returned and took over his father's business, which was renamed Ludwig Dreifuss and Son . Ludwig Dreifuss was deported to Camp de Gurs on October 22, 1940. He was then imprisoned in Récébedou and Drancy. Ludwig Dreifuss was murdered by the Nazi regime on December 20, 1941. His sister Bertha was also murdered by the Nazi regime.
	ALFRED EPSTEIN JG LIVED HERE . 1901 ESCAPE FRANCE IN RESISTANCE DENUNKED EXECUTED IN 1944 BY GESTAPO	Church square 1	Alfred Epstein was born on June 13, 1901 in Kenzingen. His parents were Michael Epstein and Karoline, née Dreifuss. He had five siblings, including Heinrich, Simon, Leo and Betty, later married Kaufmann. He served in World War I and then moved to Frankfurt. There he became technical manager in the Adler cloth factory. After Hitler came to power in 1933, the cloth factory moved to Luxembourg, Esptein also moved. After the occupation of Luxembourg , he fled to France with his pregnant wife Elise, née Fröhlich. The couple had a daughter, Irene. Epstein tried to get to Brazil from France via Portugal, but it did not succeed. In the meantime Epstein was wanted by the Gestapo and he was hiding. In 1942 he joined the Maquis Ventoux resistance group, where he was responsible for reconnaissance and sabotage. For example, he participated in the demolition of a transformer in a factory in Sisteron . The forced laborers had been captured and, after the successful sabote, sang the Marseillaise with their families . On February 21, 1944, the resistance fighters were in Izon-la-Bruiss and were surprised by German soldiers. Her hiding place had been betrayed by two Resistance fighters for a reward of 400,000 francs. Alfred Epstein was shot on a wall of the farm, as were his comrades. Only one managed to escape and he was able to tell about the fate of the group. In Eygalayes a memorial commemorates the fighters. Every year there is a memorial service to commemorate the shooting of 35 Resistance fighters. Alfred Epstein was buried in Avignon . Since 1998 he has been registered in Yad Vashem as a Jewish resistance fighter. Two of his brothers and his parents had fled from Kenzingen to South America, his sister to England.
	LEO EPSTEIN JG LIVED HERE . 1915 ESCAPE 1936 BRAZIL	Church square 1	Leo Epstein was born on May 27, 1915 in Kenzingen. He was the youngest child of Michael Epstein from Eichstetten and his wife Karolinam nee Dreifuss. He had five siblings, Alfred, Heinrich, Isidor, Simon and Betty, later married businessman. He did a commercial apprenticeship as a payroll clerk at the cigar factory Günzburger & Co. in Emmendingen and attended business school, then was also employed by the successor company "Burger-Söhne". He resigned on June 30, 1936 because the reprisals against Jews in Kenzingen were increasing. He fled to Brazil, lived in Bahia and continued to work in the tobacco industry there. In 1939 he brought his parents to Brazil too, and they managed to leave via Genoa . He married and had three children. From 1943 he worked in Rio de Janeiro and was the last managing director of a real estate company. It was not until 1967 that he set foot on German soil again. In 1999 he was invited by the city of Kenzingen, where he unveiled a plaque of the “Geschichtsweges” with the inscription: “The city of Kenzingen commemorates its humiliated, disenfranchised and persecuted Jewish citizens”. Leo Epstein's wife died in 1997, he himself died on February 12, 2013 in Rio de Janeiro. His brother Alfred died as a resistance fighter in France, his uncle Louis Dreifuss starved to death in Gurs.
	SOPHIE EPSTEIN JG LIVED HERE . 1872 DEPORTED 1940 GURS FLUCHT 1941 SWITZERLAND	Brotstrasse 15	Sophie Epstein was born on April 9, 1872 in Kenzingen. Her parents were Heinrich Epstein and Rosa, née Levi Epstein. She had at least four siblings, Leopold, Michael, Karoline and her twin sister Bertha. Sophie Epstein lived with her brother Michael in Kenzingen and moved to her sister in Müllheim in 1935/36. After her apartment there was destroyed in 1938, she went back to Kenzingen. Michael Epstein was the father of Alfred and Leo. Her twin sister was married to a Herr Heim and had at least one son, Hugo. During the November pogroms in 1938 , she and her twin sister attempted a suicide that failed. In Kenzingen she last lived with her brother-in-law Ludwig Dreifuss and his sister Bertha. On October 22, 1940, she was deported to Camp de Gurs , a concentration camp in southern France. A year later she was ransomed by her nephew Hugo Heim, who lived in Switzerland. She moved to Riehen with her sister Bertha and was able to survive the Nazi regime and the Shoah in Switzerland. Sophie Epstein died on January 4, 1958 in Gossau, Switzerland.
	ALFRED WEIL JG LIVED HERE . 1880 [...]	Johanniterstrasse 23	Alfred Weil was born on January 6, 1880 in Schmieheim in the Ortenau district. His parents were Schmule and Rebeka Weil. He had four siblings, Ludwig, Rosa, Klara and Leopold. Weil was originally a rag and bone collector and then ran a grocery store on Johanniterstraße. He was married to Rosa, née Moses, born on October 25, 1885 in Efringen. The couple had at least one daughter. After Hitler came to power, the couple lived in Efringen-Kirchen . In 1940 Alfred Weil is said to have come to a Jewish retirement home in Gailingen on the Upper Rhine . On October 22, 1940, he was deported to the Gurs camp and from there on August 8, 1942 with Transport 18, Train 901-13 via Drancy to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Alfred Weil did not survive the Shoah . His wife was also murdered by the Nazi regime, according to Serge Klarsfeld using the same method of deportation as her husband. His daughter Rut survived.

Relocations

The Stolpersteine ​​in the district of Emmendingen were laid personally by the artist on the following days:

• September 27, 2007: Kenzingen (Alfred Epstein, Bertha Dreifuss, Ludwig Dreifuss and Alfred Weil)
• July 11, 2010: Herbolzheim
• February 7, 2015: Kenzingen (Leo and Sophie Epstein)
• July 9, 2018: Denzlingen

literature

• Max Schuler: Stones that remind of injustice . In: Badische Zeitung . July 10, 2018 ( online [accessed January 7, 2019]).

Web links

• Information on the official website of the municipality of Denzlingen
• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ^ Working group "Nazi Time in Denzlingen": First stumbling blocks laid. In: SWR.de. July 9, 2018, accessed January 7, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Remembrance in Denzlingen: Stumbling blocks are being relocated . In: Badische Zeitung . July 6, 2018 ( online [accessed January 7, 2019]).
3. ^ Denzlingen: Lecture and laying of stumbling blocks . "In a nutshell" section. In: Der Sonntag (Badische Zeitung) . July 8, 2018, p. 6 ( PDF [accessed January 7, 2019]).
4. ↑ Looking for traces - Denzlingen: 12.1 Hauptstraße 233 / Murdered in the concentration camp , accessed on August 14, 2020
5. ↑ Looking for traces - Denzlingen: 12.2 Property at Hauptstrasse 53 / Murdered in the concentration camp , accessed on August 14, 2020
6. ↑ Stumbling block for Jakob Bühler. (PDF) In: denzlingen-online.de. Retrieved January 7, 2019 . 
7. ↑ RegioTrends: 3rd stumbling block for Kazimierz Dworak , accessed on August 14, 2020
8. ↑ Looking for traces - Denzlingen: 12.3 Cemetery / Shot by a security guard , accessed on August 14, 2020
9. ↑ Gedenkort-T4.de: Alois Zähringer , accessed on August 14, 2020
10. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Dreifuß, Berta , accessed on August 15, 2020
11. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : BERTHA DREIFUSS , based on a death report of her niece Alice Dreifuss Goldstein (it reports that she was deported to Auschwitz via Drancy and that her birthday is June 23).
12. ↑ Stones tell stories , accessed on August 16, 2020
13. ↑ Alice Dreifuss Goldstein: Ordinary People, Turbulent Times , AuthorHouse 2008, pp. 13-16
14. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Dreifuß, Ludwig , accessed on August 16, 2020
15. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: LUDWIG DREIFUSS , based on a death report of his granddaughter Alice Dreifuss Goldstein (who gives July 8th as her birthday)
16. ↑ The Gate: COMMEMORATION IN Eygalayes , May 25, 2014
17. ↑ Alemannia judaica : Kenzingen (Emmendingen district) Jewish history , accessed on August 16, 2020
18. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on August 16, 2020:
    * ALFRED EPSTEIN ,
    * ALFRED EPSTEIN , based on a death report of his daughter Irene de Cou Epstein,
    * ALFRED EPSTEIN , based on a death report from Michael J. Süß, a relative.
19. ↑ Bdische newspaper : Memory of resistance fighters , accessed on August 16, 2020
20. ^ Leo Epstein died in Brazil
21. ^ Badische Zeitung : Sophie Epstein , February 11, 2015
22. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on August 25, 2020:
    * ALFRED WEIL , based on a death report of his daughter, Rut Mendelson Veil,
    * ALFRED WEIL , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * ALFRED WEIL , based on the Documentation Memorial to the Jews Deported from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld
23. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on August 25, 2020:
    * ROSA WEIL , based on a death report of her daughter, Rut Mendelson Veil,
    * ROSA WEIL , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * ROSA WEIL , based on the Documentation Memorial to the Jews Deported from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld , but here with a different date and place of birth, namely September 23, 1884 in Eichstetten

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