List of stumbling blocks in Stegen

Stumbling blocks in jetties

The list of the stumbling blocks in Stegen results by artist Gunter Demnig laid stumbling blocks in webs on, a municipality in the southern Black Forest . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence.

Rescue of nine Jews in Stegen

Father Heinrich Middendorf was the first German Catholic priest to be honored by the State of Israel in the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial for his courageous commitment as “Righteous Among the Nations”.

“Some of the people who were taken in by Father Middendorf did not even know that they were not the only Jews hidden in the monastery. Gerhard Zacharias knew Lotte Paepcke, who was housed in the nursery, by name, but neither of them knew that they shared the same fate. It is thanks to Father Bernd Bothe that Father Heinrich Middendorf's great courage became known. "

- Denk, Isabella : A memorial to bow down, in: Badische Zeitung , July 14, 2004

Father Bernd Bothe, his brother, researched Father Middendorf's work in the 1990s. He spoke to the survivors and researched their fates. He described the person Heinrich Middendorp and their rescue efforts on a website, see under web links.

Memorial work in Stegen

In 2003, Gunter Demnig expanded the original concept, which had included all victim groups, and expanded it to include the so-called "silent helpers" or "unsung heroes". As a result, stumbling blocks were also laid for Righteous Among the Nations , for example Gertrud Luckner in Freiburg and Heinrich Middendorf in Stegen. Together with the stumbling block for the rescuer, stumbling blocks were also set in Stegen for the nine rescued Jews. The initiative came from the Protestant religion teacher Klaus Storck and his then tenth grade. The St. Sebastian College will - by means of the Stolpersteine ​​- also be able to convey the scope of these murderous acts to future generations of pupils, who "can no longer even have a biographical connection to the dark time of National Socialism through their grandparents". When laying the stumbling blocks, Head of Studies Eberhard Breckel spoke of the reversal of an old proverb: instead of out of sight, out of mind, now in sight and in mind .

List of stumbling blocks

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is alphabetical according to the victim's family name. The laying data can be found in a separate paragraph below the list.

image	inscription	Location	Life
	SURVIVED HERE 1933–1944	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	This stumbling block was laid for the St. Sebastian College , in which Father Heinrich Middendorf hid nine Jewish citizens during the Nazi regime and the Holocaust and thus saved them from death. Father Middendorf housed numerous people who had been evacuated as a result of the air raids in northern Germany. He could hide Jews in these groups. He did not have to rely on ration cards because the monastery grew enough crops. He appointed a Jewish boy, Peter Paepcke, as an altar boy together with Christian boys. He did his job so well that it never occurred to anyone that he was not Catholic and baptized.
	DIETER BACHENHEIMER EVA BACHENHEIMER	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Dieter Bachenheimer was born in Dortmund in 1929 as the son of Max Bachenheimer (born 1900) and Hildegard, née Seckler . His sister Eva was born in 1931. In order to be able to marry Hildegard Seckler, who came from a strictly Catholic family , Max Bachenheimer converted from Judaism to Catholicism in 1928. In 1933 the family moved to Neheim-Hüsten because of the Nazi terror in Dortmund . During the Reichspogromnacht in 1938, his father was arrested and deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . Since his mother refused to divorce, his father was released after Christmas 1938 on condition that he had to leave Germany by January 1, 1939. On December 31, 1938, he left Germany and went to the Netherlands , where he was accommodated in a camp and applied for visas for the whole family to Brazil. Dieter Bachenheimer and his sister were housed in the Guardian Angel Children's Home in Hagen , his mother went back to Dortmund. The family received their visas for Brazil in August 1939 and they followed their father to the Netherlands, where they waited for a ship to cross. After the beginning of the Second World War , Dieter Bachenheimer, his sister and his mother were expelled and his father went underground. The siblings came back to the Guardian Angel Children's Home, his mother went back to Dortmund. In 1943 the children's home was relocated from Hagen to Stegen due to bombing. In 1944 Bachenheimer finished his school education and left Stegen. Since he could not get an apprenticeship, he turned to the Freiburg employment office, where two Gestapo men asked him about his desired professional training and his father's whereabouts. He did not announce this, as a job he was ordered to be a company electrician in heavy industry (large crane construction and tank production) at DEMAG in Wetter-Ruhr. His mother was killed in a bomb attack on Dortmund on October 6, 1944. Father Middendorfer was worried about Dieter Bachenheimer. He sent a letter to a helper with 200 Reichsmarks and ration cards. Bachenheimer should get on a train, if there was only the slightest suspicion of danger, and come to Stegen with a lot of changes. Middendorfer then wanted to hide Bachenheimer, if necessary in Switzerland. The offer never had to be taken up. Only later did the siblings find out that the Gestapo had specifically asked about them in the children's home. Dieter Bachenheimer was summoned twice by the Gestapo, but each time shortly before his arrival, the Gestapo buildings were destroyed in air raids.
			Eva Bachenheimer was born in Dortmund in 1931 to a baptized Jewish father and a Christian mother . Her brother Dieter was born in 1929. She stayed in a children's home the whole time. The rescue plan for Eva Bachenheimer was an advanced polyp operation; the Gestapo would have been informed that she was in the hospital in Freiburg. Meanwhile, they wanted to take them to Lake Constance and hide them there. She only found out about this plan after the war, just wondered why people in the home were talking about her polyps to be operated on. She later married Rudolf Zwingmann. She and her brother supported Dr. Peter Paepcke and his mother Lotte Paepcke applying for the honor of Father Middendorf as Righteous Among the Nations, which also took place in 1994.
	IRMGARD GIESSLER URSULA GIESSLER	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Irmgard Giessler b. Freytag was born in Bad Kissingen in 1896 . Her parents were the timber wholesaler Karl Freitag and his wife Mathilde, née Wertheim. In 1898 Irmgard Freytag's parents died and she grew up with an uncle in Freiburg. Irmgard Freytag converted shortly before their wedding in 1928 with the Catholic journalist Rupert Gießler (1896-1980) to Catholicism . The couple had a daughter, Ursula, born in 1936. After the stabilization of the Hitler regime, Irmgard Giessler and her daughter were at great risk due to the National Socialist racial ideology . Her husband was banned from his profession in 1939 because of his marriage to a Jewish woman and was considered "unworthy of defense". The Rheinberger Tagespost , of which he was editor, no longer received any paper allocation from November 1, 1940 and had to cease publication. After a year of unemployment, her husband found work at Colmaerer Alsatia Verlag, officially as a secretary, unofficially as an editor-in-chief. Joseph Rossé, the publisher, sent Rupert Gießler on a trip when he was in danger. Rossé also picked him up from the train station and sent him on immediately if there was any danger. Irmgard Giessler and her husband planned to escape to Alsace or Switzerland. In 1944 they learned from a remark from the block attendant that the family was in danger. They fled to Stegen by train, leaving their daughter Ursula with a friend, Grete Borgmann, who was supposed to bring the child to Stegen by bike. The Borgmanns had contacted Father Middendorf, who promised to take in the refugees. Irmgard Giessler lived camouflaged for a few months to rent with the wife of the National Socialist mayor of Stegen, and later in the monastery. Your daughter was taken into the children's home. In order to be considered an employee of the religious house, Irmgard Gießler acted as a secretary in Middendorf's office. Her husband visited her regularly. When Freiburg, his residence, was bombed on November 27, 1944, he only escaped because he had waited for the prayer of the monastery community to take his leave. Father Middendorf's emergency plan for Irmgard Giessler and her daughter was hiding in a hut in the forest. This was not necessary, Irmgard Gießler and her daughter survived the Nazi regime in Stegen.
			Ursula Giessler was born in 1936 as the daughter of Rupert Gießler and Irmgard, née Freitag. Her Jewish mother had converted to Catholicism, her father a Catholic. As a result, she was born into a so-called “privileged mixed marriage ”. However, after the pressure of persecution from the Nazi regime increased, the family had to flee. Ursula was placed in the care of Grete Borgmann, the parents fled to Stegen by train in 1944, Borgmann and Ursula followed them the next day by bike. Ursula Giessler was housed in Father Middendorf's orphanage, and a little later her mother also found refuge near Middendorf. The father visited her regularly. After the end of the Nazi regime, her father was a co-founder and at times editor-in-chief of the Freiburger Nachrichten . In later years she continued to live in Freiburg and made herself available as a contemporary witness . For example, she visited Stegen in 2017 and spoke at the Heinrich Middendorf High School in Aschendorf , the father's birthplace.
	HEINZ-KASIMIR KARMIOL HELGA KARMIOL	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Heinz-Kasimir Karmiol had a Jewish father and a Christian mother. He had a sister, Helga. He also survived thanks to Father Middendorf, he died in the 1990s.
			Helga Karmiol had a Jewish father and a Christian mother. She had a brother, Heinz-Kasimir. She also survived thanks to the Guardian Angel Children's Home. After the war she became a dancer and got married. Even after the end of the war, she feared being recognized as a Jew and being picked up.
	LOTTE PAEPCKE PETER PAEPCKE	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Lotte Paepcke , née Mayer, was born on June 28, 1910 in Freiburg im Breisgau . Her father Max Mayer ran a leather business and was a social democratic city councilor. He was arrested in 1933, had to give up his business, was arrested again in November 1938 and deported to the Dachau concentration camp . After a few weeks he came back and fled with his wife on one of the last trains from Germany. Lotte Mayer had studied law and passed the state examination in 1933. She married the literary historian, philologist and philosopher Ernst August Paepcke , with whom she had their son Peter in 1935. Because of her "privileged mixed marriage " she did not haveto weara Jewish star and was not initially scheduled for deportation. But she was not allowed to start her legal clerkship, not work as a lawyer and had tosignwith Sara Lotte Paepcke. The family moved to Bielefeld, Cologne and finally Leipzig , where they felt strange. She was assigned to forced labor . She fled back to her hometown with her son. Lotte Paepcke became ill there and was illegally admitted to a Catholic hospital. After the heavy bombing raid on Freiburg on November 27, 1944, they fled with their son to the Stegen monastery , where she was employed in the nursery. After the fall of the Nazi regime, Lotte Paepcke worked as a journalist and writer. The couple had two more children. Together with her son and other survivors, she applied in 1993 to recognize Father Middendorf as Righteous Among the Nations . Lotte Paepcke died on August 9, 2000 in Karlsruhe .
			Peter Paepcke was born on May 3, 1935 in Freiburg im Breisgau. He was the son of the literary historian, philologist and philosopher Ernst August Paepcke and the writer Lotte Paepcke . After the heavy bombing raid on Freiburg on November 27, 1944, his mother fled the city with him. They found refuge in the Stegen monastery. In order not to attract attention, Peter Paepcke was used as an altar boy in the church services. Paepcke completed a law degree and became a lawyer. In 1962 his book Antisemitism and Criminal Law was published . A contribution by him is also included in the volume Love at Second Sight (How Karlsruhe became my home for me) . His father died in 1963, he himself on June 25, 1995 in Karlsruhe, his mother died in August 2000.
	GERHARD ZACHARIAS	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Gerhard Zacharias was born in Braunschweig in 1923 as the son of Ludwig Zacharias and Helene, née Heymann. He had two sisters. His mother came from a Jewish family, her parents were Viktor Heymann, Privy Councilor of Justice, and his wife Adele, née Jonas. Both grandparents were Jews. The grandfather had assimilated. He had his children baptized, after which they belonged to the Protestant denomination. Gerhard Zacharias' father came from Regensburg, was a Catholic and ran a small factory. Although his mother was initiallyprotected from deportation and murderas the wife of an " Aryan ", she was subject to massive discrimination. His two sisters were hidden on a farm near Braunschweig. Zacharias was able to finish high school in 1942. He witnessed the persecution against his mother and also had to watch when an aunt was arrested and taken awayby the Gestapo . Another aunt committed suicide. His mother was killed in a bomb attack. Gerhard Zacharias began studying theology in Paderborn, the only study that was still allowed to him. When he found out that the police wanted to pick him up, he went into hiding in the Black Forest, where he met Irmgard Giessler. The two found two rooms to rent with the mayor's wife in Stegen. When the police checks became more frequent, Giessler and Zacharias found shelter in the monastery. When asked why he was not on the front lines, he said he had overt tuberculosis. When two men in leather coats came by as a surprise, he was able to hide in the park in time. On November 27, 1944, during the great bombing raid, he was visiting friends in Freiburg. He found protection in an air raid shelter and survived the conflagration. Then he went the 14 kilometers back to Stegen that same night. After the liberation by the French, he studied philosophy in Göttingen and Freiburg, did his doctorate, turned to the Greek Orthodox Church and was interested in the theories of CG Jung , whom he got to know personally. From 1961 to 1966 he taught dance and cultural history at the University of Music in Cologne. He worked for a while with Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker at the Max Planck Institute for research into the living conditions of the scientific and technical world in Starnberg near Munich. Gerhard Zacharias became a psychoanalyst, wrote several books about dance and settled in the Rhineland. He died in 2000.
	HIDDEN / SAVED FROM DEPORTATION AND DEATH OF PATER HEINRICH MIDDENDORF SCJ	Hauptstrasse 4, St. Sebastian College	Heinrich Middendorf SCJ was born on August 31, 1898 in Aschendorf . He attended the elementary and rectorate school in his birthplace and in 1912 switched to the humanistic educational institute of the religious order of the Sacred Heart Priests in Sittard , Netherlands . After finishing school he entered the order. Hecompletedhis novitiate in Fünfbrunnen , Luxembourg. He studied philosophy , theology , oriental studies and biblical studies at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg and the Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck ,among others, in Münster and Berlin. In 1923 he was ordained a priest. From 1927 he was chaplain in various parishes in southern Baden, from 1932 he took on tasks in the religious house in Bendorf, from 1936 as rector. In 1934 he received his doctorate in biblical studies. From 1938 to 1946 he was rector of the St. Sebastian Ordenshausin Stegen, hid nine Jewish citizens and thus saved them from the Shoah . From 1946 he was rector of the Freiburg Order House, and from 1949 he was a member of the General Administration of the Order in Rome. In 1956 he went to the Congo as a missionary and wasa member of the Zaire Provinceuntil his death on August 10, 1972 in Osnabrück . Posthumously, in 1994, he was awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations .

Laying data

The stones must have been laid twice, because there are two different arrangements. According to Demnig's website, the first installation took place in July 2004.

Web links

• Father Heinrich Middendorf, Righteous Among the Nations (orphans, Jews, people in distress - life stories in Stegen from 1942 to 1945), written by Bernd Bothe, February 1998
• Middendorf, Heinrich; Act 5837 , biography from the Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations , Germans and Austrians, ed. by Israel Gutman, Daniel Fraenkel, Jacob Borut, Wallenstein Verlag 2005, pp. 198f
• A memorial to bow down in Badische Zeitung

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} FORUM SCHOOL FOUNDATION: Stolpersteine ​​in Stegen , by Dietfried Scherer
2. ↑ Paul Thoben: Stolpersteine ​​in Aschendorf and Stegen , accessed on August 8, 2019. This text offers a solid overview of the genesis of Demnig's memory project.
3. ↑ Paul Thoben: Stumbling blocks remember Father Heinrich Middendorf , accessed on August 8, 2019.
4. ^ Israel Gutman, Daniel Fraenkel, Jacob Borut (eds.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations , Germans and Austrians, Wallenstein Verlag 2005, p. 198f, online: Middendorf, Heinrich; 5837 file
5. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Wette: Silent Heroes. Rescuers of Jews in the border triangle during the Second World War, Herder Verlag 2005, ISBN 978-3451054617 , pp. 98-100
6. ↑ ^{a b} Stegen-Dreisamtal: VI. Father Heinrich Middendorf (1898-1972) , called on June 26, 2020
7. ↑ Stegen-Dreisamtal: a) Dieter Bachenheimer tells , accessed on June 26, 2020
8. ↑ Stegen-Dreisamtal: a) Eva Bachenheimer testifies , accessed on June 26, 2020
9. ^ Israel Gutman, Daniel Fraenkel, Jacob Borut (eds.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations , Germans and Austrians, Wallenstein Verlag 2005, p. 199, online: Middendorf, Heinrich; 5837 file
10. ^ Freiburg circular: Righteous Among the Nations
11. ↑ Stegen-Dreisamtal: B. Irmgard and Ursula Giessler , accessed on June 26, 2020
12. ^ Gymnasium Leonium Handrup: Visit to the grave of P. Heinrich Middendorf , June 11, 2017
13. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Wette: Silent Heroes. Rescuers of Jews in the border triangle during the Second World War, Herder Verlag 2005, ISBN 978-3451054617 , pp. 100-101
14. ^ Marriage, family and partnership counseling Karlsruhe eV: Lotte Paepcke , accessed on July 12, 2020
15. ↑ A look at history no.72 from September 15, 2006: biography Lotte Paepcke , accessed on July 12, 2020
16. ↑ ^{a b} Stegen-Dreisamtal: IV. People of Jewish descent , accessed on July 12, 2020
17. ^ Deutsches Tanzarchiv Köln: Gerhard Zacharias 1923–2000, author , accessed on July 13, 2020

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