Aschendorf (Papenburg)

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Aschendorf
City of Papenburg
Aschendorf coat of arms
Coordinates: 53 ° 3 ′ 9 ″  N , 7 ° 19 ′ 59 ″  E
Height : 4  (3-4)  m
Area : 32.21 km²
Residents : 8371  (Jan. 1, 2018)
Population density : 260 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Postal code : 26871
Area code : 04962
Aschendorf Bokel Herbrum Nenndorf Obenende Tunxdorf Untenendemap
About this picture
Location of Aschendorf in the city of Papenburg

Aschendorf is a district of the Emsland city ​​of Papenburg and one of the oldest places in Lower Saxony . Over 8,000 people live in the 32 km² area on the Ems .

From 1952 to 1972 inclusive, Aschendorf had town charter and was a district town in the Aschendorf-Hümmling district (1932 to 1977; license plate ASD ) and the seat of the Aschendorf community (1965-1972). Even before 1952, the district was administered by the eponymous municipality, as was the previous district of Aschendorf (1867 to 1932).

history

middle Ages

The place in the northern Emsland was first mentioned in the middle of the 8th century as Ascanthorp in the Vita Liudgeri , later works mention Asikinthorpe . Whether the word "Thorp", Old Frisian for village, suggests a Frisian foundation has not been conclusively clarified. Aschendorf is one of the oldest places in Lower Saxony. The first wooden church was built in the 9th century. By the 13th century, a total of five church buildings were built, all of them wooden churches, with each new building partially destroying the remains of its predecessors. The first stone church in Romanesque style was built around 1250. In 1498 it was converted into a three-aisled hall church with a late Gothic choir.

Aschendorf's tenth rule was initially controversial between the Corvey monastery and the Osnabrück church , but was then finally transferred to the Osnabrück church in 1077 by King Heinrich IV . In 1252, Aschendorf came to the Niederstift Münster politically , but remained ecclesiastically with the Diocese of Osnabrück.

In view of several attempts to free himself from Münster rule , the new sovereign had a castle built south of Aschendorf from 1266 to consolidate his claim to rule. This facility, initially called Fredoburg , was damaged or destroyed several times during Aschendorfer attempts to get rid of the sovereign. After a reconstruction in 1340, Nienhaus Castle was built on the same site, which now also became the seat of Drosten from Münster . The uprisings of the Aschendorfer against the Münster sovereign continued until 1449, whereby Nienhaus Castle was also the focus of destructive attacks on several occasions. During visits to the rulers, it also served as a hostel for various prince-bishop dignitaries.

In 1394, Aschendorf was first mentioned as a place of jurisdiction, after it had previously been the seat of a free court. From 1322 to 1736 it was also repeatedly a place of negotiation for the settlement of territorial disputes between the prince-bishops of Münster and the East Frisian chiefs and later counts.

Modern times

The Reformation was introduced in Aschendorf in 1538 under the first Protestant pastor, Johannes Hermanni . The last Lutheran pastor Heinrich Bothe was deposed in 1614. This was followed by the recatholicization .

Nienhaus Castle was fought over several times during the Thirty Years' War and was completely destroyed towards the end of the war. The rifle brotherhood was founded in 1632 as a vigilante group in wartime , from which the rifle club, which still exists today, emerged.

From 1668 Aschendorf also belonged to the diocese of Münster in terms of canon law. At the behest of the Prince- Bishop of Münster , mendicant monks of the Franciscan order settled in the village in 1679 , and their residence was elevated to a monastery in 1682. In 1684 the construction of the Aschendorf Monastery began and building materials from the destroyed Nienhaus Castle were used.

18th century

After the purchase of Altenkamp in 1723 by the Prince-Bishop- Munster Drost of the Emsland, Baron Herrmann von Velen , he had the manor house built until 1729.

In 1775, a great fire destroyed 54 houses and caused considerable damage to the monastery.

As part of the coalition wars against Napoleon, first English troops and later Hessian-Hanoverian troops took quarters in Aschendorf in 1795. Haus Altenkamp accommodated both the later Duke of Wellington and the Prussian General Blücher .

19th century

Population development between 1821 and 1971.

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (1803), Aschendorf became part of the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen after centuries of belonging to the Duchy of Münster . From 1806 Aschendorf belonged as part of the Duchy of Arenberg to the Rhine Confederation , which was under the protectorate of Napoleon . From 1809 the civil code came into force . In 1811 the Hanseatic departments were directly subordinated to the French Empire . Aschendorf was now in the canton of Papenburg , which in turn belonged to the Lingen arrondissement of the French department of Ober-Ems . The accompanying administrative reform was completed on March 3, 1811. The French tax system was in effect from July 1, 1811, the French constitution from August 20 of the same year. As part of the Napoleonic secularization, the Aschendorfer Franciscan monastery was closed in 1812 after 150 years of existence.

After Napoleon's defeat by the allies, Aschendorf became Prussian in 1813. A commission based in Meppen now administered the former Arenberg areas again. However, this was canceled a little later and merged with the administration of the Lingen district, which had belonged to Prussia since 1702. As early as 1814, however, Aschendorf was assigned to the Kingdom of Hanover by resolution of the allies , which in turn belonged to Great Britain in personal union. Due to the changed political conditions, Aschendorf again belonged to the Diocese of Osnabrück from 1824. In 1826, selected civil rights were again transferred to the Duke of Arenberg , making Aschendorf the seat of one of the four ducal-Arenberg media offices in 1827 . As a result, the Nienhaus office building was built in the immediate vicinity of the former castle by 1836.

An expression of the liberal and national movement in Aschendorf was the founding of the men's choir Liedertafel “Recreation” in 1845. In the revolutionary year of 1848, Haus Altenkamp was the target of a demonstration by Papenburg merchants.

In 1856 Aschendorf was connected to the Emden-Rheine railway line .

After the war of 1866 , Aschendorf belonged to Prussia as part of the Meppen district . As a result of the Prussian simplification of the judiciary, Aschendorf lost its function as a place of jurisdiction, but became the seat of the newly formed Aschendorf district due to the administrative reform in 1884 .

A few years later (1897) the Rector's School, later the middle school and today's Realschule, was founded.

20th century

The districts of Aschendorf and Hümmling were merged in 1932 to form the district of Aschendorf-Hümmling . The seat of the district administration was the municipality of Aschendorf.

From 1935 to 1945 the National Socialist prisoner camp Emslandlager Aschendorfermoor was located southeast of the Aschendorf village belonging to Aschendorfermoor .

After the Second World War , Aschendorf was part of the Polish zone of occupation . In Aschendorf, during the occupation, a poster with the names of 35 German women who allegedly had intimate relations with Poles was hung on the church square.

On September 7, 1952, Aschendorf was granted town charter as part of the 1200 year celebration and became a district town .

In 1965 the joint community of Aschendorf was formed from the communities of Stadt Aschendorf, Lehe , Neulehe , Nenndorf and Tunxdorf , which was expanded to include Herbrum in 1966 .

In 1971 the integrated community of Aschendorf covered an area of ​​about 92 km² and had 8,001 inhabitants. Of these, 5,542 people lived in the city of Aschendorf. At that time the city had the postal code 4497 ​​and both the spelling Aschendorf (Ems) and Aschendorf / Ems were common.

In the course of the regional reform in Lower Saxony , the city and the municipality were dissolved with effect from January 1, 1973. The city of Aschendorf and the communities of Bokel , Herbrum, Nenndorf and Tunxdorf were incorporated into the city of Papenburg after years of close cooperation between Aschendorf, Bokel and Papenburg in the municipal association . The communities Lehe and Neulehe were assigned to the new joint municipality Dörpen .

The Lower Saxony state parliament decided on March 28, 1990 to restore the city of Aschendorf as a municipality and thus to spin it off from the city of Papenburg, but the Federal Constitutional Court finally stopped the implementation of the law in 1992.

politics

As a result of the reorganization of the community, the new district had a local council with 21 seats, which is responsible for local matters. The tasks of the local council are regulated in the Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Act (NKomVG).

The local mayor of Aschendorf is Friedhelm Führs (CDU). Since the local elections on September 11, 2011, the local council has been composed as follows:

CDU 38.67% 8 seats
FDP 23.79% 5 seats
SPD 20.85% 5 seats
Green 10.29% 2 seats
UWG 6.40% 1 seat

Personalities

  • Johannes zum Sande (born January 4, 1802, Aschendorf; † April 6, 1878, Lingen) was a German lawyer and politician.
  • Theodora Korte (pseudonym: Theo von Nienhaus) (born November 12, 1872 in Aschendorf, † August 31, 1926 in Münster) was a poet and writer. She wrote especially religiously influenced writings and was a well-known author of children's and youth literature .
  • Heinrich Middendorf SCJ (born August 31, 1898 in Aschendorf; † August 10, 1972 in Osnabrück ) was a German priest and missionary. He hid nine Jewish citizens in the Stegen monastery and thus saved them from the Holocaust . He received the title Righteous Among the Nations in 1994 .
  • Karl Puls-Janssen (born August 23, 1955 in Aschendorf), politician and member of the Lower Saxony state parliament

Stumbling blocks

On April 13, 2010, eight stumbling blocks by Cologne artist Gunter Demnig were laid in Aschendorf . They are supposed to keep alive the memory of the victims of the National Socialist dictatorship . The stones are reminiscent of Helene Hes (1893–1942), Sophie Hes (1900–1944), Simon Sax (1871–1943), Alfred Sax (1905–1942), Klara Sax (1909–1942), Hermann Sax (1904–? ), Rudolf Sax (1907–1943) and Josef Sax (1914–1942).

Infrastructure and economy

traffic

Aschendorf can be reached via the A 31 motorway , Rhede exit. The B 70 also leads through Aschendorf. The place has a train station, which is on the Emsland route Emden-Rheine and is served by the RE 15 Emsland-Express .

Authorities

The following authorities and offices are based in Aschendorf

education

fire Department

The fire fighting on site is guaranteed by the volunteer fire brigade Papenburg, local fire brigade Aschendorf. This is one of the three Papenburg city brigades, which also include the volunteer fire brigades Papenburg-bottom end and top end. On average, the Aschendorf fire brigade drives 60–70 missions per year. The area of ​​application not only includes the former town of Aschendorf, but also the Papenburg districts of Tunxdorf, Nenndorf, Herbrum and Aschendorfer Moor. The federal highway 70 is about 8 km long in the operational area. One of the main areas of operation, however, is state roads 62 and 64, where serious road accidents occur time and again. In addition, the Malteser Aid Service has been running an ambulance station in Aschendorf since September 2014 in order to cover the Aschendorf and Rhede areas with an ambulance manned 24 hours a day.

Culture and sights

Attractions

Gut Altenkamp - main building
Park of Gut Altenkamp
  • Home of the home and citizens' association
  • The exact time of origin of Gut Altenkamp is not known. The property, which was bought by the city of Papenburg in 1981, includes baroque gardens. Exhibitions of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation on art and cultural-historical topics are presented annually in the premises . In addition, concerts and public events take place in the gardens (Kulturkreis Papenburg).
  • Michaelis Chapel
  • The Amtshaus Nienhaus has been privately owned since the 1980s. It is used by the ADO curtain works as a training location. The curtain brand ADO has its origin in Aschendorf; the word mark stands as shorthand for A rule do rf. The forerunner of today's Nienhaus is an old castle of the Bishop of Münster (1266), which was destroyed several times and existed until 1647. Then Nienhaus became an office building, later it was owned by the Arenbergers until it became private property. Almost nothing was known of the old traces until 2005. Today, remnants of trenches and foundations from the time before 1647 and also parts of the buildings from the subsequent time of the office are known in the immediate vicinity of the Nienhaus. The area on which the old castle and the office building stood has been secured as a ground monument since 2007.
  • Draiberg nature reserve
  • Tunxdorf forest lake
  • The Brüninghaus on Emdener Straße was built in 1910 and completely renovated in the mid-1980s. Since then it has served as a youth center and meeting place for TuS Aschendorf.
  • The St. Amandus Church , some of which is over 1000 years old, is the center of one of the oldest North German communities . Numerous archaeological excavations were able to prove the previous churches. A church bell from 1307 has been preserved in the Romanesque tower . An externally Romanesque, internally early Gothic hall is connected to the tower , two pillars support the vaults and divide it into three naves with two bays each . The adjoining late Gothic choir was demolished in 1969 and the church interior was extended to the east by a modern pillarless hall with a low roof pitch, which is lower but wider than the medieval nave. Finally, in 2005, the enlarged nave was divided by a glass wall between the old and the new church, so that both rooms can now be used separately.

societies

The TUS Aschendorf with its numerous members ensures lively sports activities, especially in the youth departments. With its many sports groups, it is an integral part of local life. The groups achieve great regional and national achievements: aerobics, badminton, basketball, fitness, football, health sports, gymnastics, karate, courses, track and field, chess, swimming, senior sports, sports badges, tennis, table tennis, trampoline, gymnastics and play circles and volleyball. Training takes place on the sports field on Emdener Straße and in the sports hall on Bokeler Straße.

There is also a tennis club, a fishing club, the Aschendorf Catholic rural youth movement, three shooting clubs and a riding club in town.

religion

St. Amandus Church

Aschendorf has two churches, the Catholic Church of St. Amandus in the city center and the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Christ parish on Paul-Gerhardt-Strasse / Bokeler Strasse. There is a Jewish cemetery between Aschendorf and Tunxdorf .

music

literature

  • Altmeppen-Többen, Hans: Aschendorf / Ems successes and fates of a city. A city chronicle. Werlte 1990, 568 p. With numerous Fig. Based on photos and documents.
  • Gerd Steinwascher (Ed.): History of the city of Aschendorf , Verlag der Stadt Papenburg, Papenburg 1992.
  • Gerd Harpel (Ed.): Aschendorf in old pictures and postcards . Self-published, Aschendorf 1981.
  • ADO-Gardinenwerke Aschendorf (Ed.): Nienhaus, Aschendorf (Ems) on Bundesstrasse 70 . Text by Dieter Simon, Aschendorf 1981.
  • Bernd Faulenbach , Andrea Kaltofen (ed.): "Hell in the Moor". The Emsland camps 1933–1945 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8353-3137-2 .
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Heinz Schipper: News from Nienhaus , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 41, pp. 3–30, Aschendorf 2007.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Heinz Schipper: The Nienhaus in Papenburg-Aschendorf - a state castle of the Bishop of Münster , reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony, Volume 27, Issue 4, pp. 125–128, Hanover 2007.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Heinz Schipper: The monument hill at the Nienhaus in Aschendorf , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 42, pp. 3–16, Aschendorf 2008.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter, Dieter Simon, Fabian Leffers and Heinz Schipper: The trenches in Aschendorf - traces from the last days of the war 1944/45, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 46, pp. 32–41, Aschendorf 2011.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Heinz Schipper: Aspects of geology and soil science in Aschendorf - observations on the edge of an archaeological excavation on Waldseestrasse , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 47, p. 3–17, Aschendorf 2012.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Andreas Hummel: A settlement from the pre-Roman Iron Age on the northern edge of Aschendorf, City of Papenburg, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 48, pp. 3–47, Aschendorf 2012.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Gerd Harpel: The structural development of Aschendorf on the basis of old maps, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, Heft 50, S. 17–34, Aschendorf 2013.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter, Gerd Harpel and Heinz Schipper: Der Plaggenesch von Aschendorf, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 50, pp. 35–37, Aschendorf 2013.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter: There are no enclosing ditches at the churches in Aschendorf and Ihrhove, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, No. 50, pp. 43–45, Aschendorf 2013.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Gerd Harpel: The connection of Aschendorf to the German rail network and the expropriation map for the necessary space requirements in the village, Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 51, pp. 3–29, Aschendorf 2014.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Gerd Harpel: Expropriation in the course of the construction of the Westbahn in Papenburg and Bokel , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 52, pp. 3–9, Aschendorf 2015.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter and Andreas Thümmel: The Iron Age in the construction area "Habichtshorst - west of Bokeler Straße" = Bussardstraße (between Habichtshorst, Zum Draiberg, Sperberstraße) , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, issue 52, pp. 10–37, Aschendorf 2015.
  • Glatthaar, Dieter: Does the wolf come to Aschendorf too? , Aschendorfer Heimatblätter, No. 54, pp. 21–36, Aschendorf 2017
  • Zumholz, Maria Anna: The Catholic Emsland and the challenge posed by National Socialism 1933–1945

Web links

Commons : Aschendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Papenburg-Aschendorf  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City of Papenburg - basic and structural data
  2. ^ Robben, Fabian: The early medieval infant burials under the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf. Announcements of the German Society for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, 23, 2011, pp. 125–136. ( Memento from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ The harmony only lasted 48 hours . In: TAZ , May 20, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2012. 
  4. ↑ Registry offices in the old district of Aschendorf-Hümmling. Kath. Familienforschungsstelle Meppen, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 252 .
  6. ^ Election results for the Aschendorfer local council on the website of the city of Papenburg ( memento of April 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 11, 2011.
  7. ↑ Paul Thoben: Stolpersteine ​​in Aschendorf and Stegen, in: Aschendorfer Heimatblätter 44, Aschendorf 2010, pp. 53–69
  8. ↑ More recent building history of the Amandus Church, with numerous interior photos ( Memento from August 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive )