List of stumbling blocks in Nordhausen

The list of stumbling blocks in Nordhausen contains all stumbling blocks that were laid by Gunter Demnig in Nordhausen as part of the art project of the same name . A total of 38 stumbling blocks have been laid on eight dates so far. (Status: February 2020) During the eighth laying of four stumbling blocks on February 18, 2020, an information board was unveiled at Rautenstrasse 10 about the stumbling blocks that had been laid so far.

List of stumbling blocks

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

address	Date of relocation	person	inscription	image
Horse market 10	October 19, 2004	Eduard Singer (1879–1938) was born on September 3, 1879 in Salzburg and lived in Nordhausen. He was arrested on November 10, 1938 and taken to a protective custody camp in Nordhausen's Siechenhof. He died on November 17, 1938 in Buchenwald concentration camp .	EDUARD SINGER born in 1879 lived here, rabbi murdered on November 14, 1938 in Buchenwald
		Kurt Singer (1911–1938) was born on June 24, 1911 in Duisburg and lived in Nordhausen. He was arrested on November 10, 1938 and taken to a protective custody camp in Nordhausen's Siechenhof. He died by suicide on November 14, 1938 in Buchenwald concentration camp .	This is where KURT SINGER, born in 1911 , lived . Arrested 1938 Buchenwald humiliated / disenfranchised Escape to death November 14, 1938
Rautenstrasse 8		Stephanie Pinthus (1884–1942) was born on June 9, 1884 in Lissau as Stephanie Jacobi. She lived in Berlin-Wilmersdorf and Nordhausen. On May 10, 1942, she was deported from Weimar / Leipzig to the Bełżyce ghetto, where she died in the same year. The three children emigrated to Palestine before 1939.	STEPHANIE PINTHUS nee lived here . Jacobi Born 1884 Deported 1942 Murdered 1942 in Sobibor
Domstrasse 5		Wilhelm Hunstiger (1884–1963) was born on December 24, 1884 in Höxter and was pastor and dean in Nordhausen from 1922 to 1941. In 1935 he was persecuted by the SA, ill-treated and imprisoned in the Siechenhof. He was later released and forcibly transferred. He died in Fulda on March 5, 1963 .	Here lived WILHELM HUNSTIGER Jg. 1884 Dechant abused in 1935 by SA demoted
Meyenburgstrasse 10	July 25, 2006	Agnes Bach (1854–1943) was born Agnes Hahn on December 16, 1854 in Andersleben and lived in Nordhausen. She was deported on September 20, 1942 via Weimar, Halle and Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto , where she died on May 3, 1943.	AGNES BACH nee lived here . Hahn born in 1854 deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead May 3, 1943
Wilhelm-Nebelung-Strasse 23		Else Cohn (1873–1943) was born Else Windesheim on August 2, 1879 in Erfurt and lived in Nordhausen, Geseniusstrasse 10. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she died on April 4, 1943.	ELSE COHN nee lived here . Windesheimer born in 1879 deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead April 4th, 1943
		Georg Cohn (1862–1942) was born on August 1, 1862 in Nordhausen. He was a factory owner and ran a textile factory with his partner Ludwig Cohn at Nordhausen Bahnhofstrasse 4. On September 20, 1942, he was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he died on December 15, 1942.	GEORG COHN born in 1862 lived here, deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead December 15th , 1942
Jüdenstrasse 1		Selma Pohly (1875–1944) was born Selma Simon on October 15, 1875 in Magdeburg and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she died on March 29, 1944.	SELMA POHLY nee lived here . Simon born in 1875 deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead March 29, 1944
		Nathan Pohly (1874–1943) was born on February 1, 1874 in Göttingen and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, he was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he died on October 8, 1943.	NATHAN POHLY, born in 1874 , lived here, deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead October 8, 1943
Rautenstrasse 11		Goldine Plauth (1860–1943) was born as Goldine Hammerschlag on November 16, 1866 in Harmuthsachsen and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she died on February 7, 1943.	GOLDINE PLAUTH nee lived here . Hammerschlag Born 1860 Deported 1942 Theresienstadt Dead 7.2.1943
Rautenstrasse 13		Ellen Kleimenhagen (1930–?) Was born on February 9, 1930 in Nordhausen and lived there and in Erfurt . On May 10, 1942, she was deported from Weimar / Leipzig to the Bełżyce ghetto . Their fate is unknown.	ELLEN KLEIMENHAGEN born in 1930 lived here . Deported 1942 Belzyce / Lublin ???
Rautenstrasse 20/22		Isidor Levin (1868–1938) was born on November 15, 1868 in Labischin and lived in Nordhausen, where he ran a fashion shop as a master tailor at Rautenstrasse 17. From November 10, 1938, he was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp, where he was murdered on November 19, 1938. His son Albert emigrated to the USA in 1938.	Here lived ISIDOR LEVIN Jg. 1868 murdered 11/19/1938 Buchenwald concentration camp
Hallesche Strasse 13		Joachim Goldstein (1935–1944) was born on February 11, 1935 in Nordhausen and lived there. On September 20, 1942 he was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto and on October 16, 1944 to the Auschwitz extermination camp . The date of his death is unknown.	JOACHIM GOLDSTEIN born in 1935 lived here, deported in 1942 Theresienstadt, murdered in 1944 in Auschwitz
John's staircase 1		Berta Goldschmidt (1869–1942) was born as Berta Löwenstein on March 29, 1869 in Offenbach am Main and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she was murdered on September 29, 1942.	BERTA GOLDSCHMIDT nee lived here . Löwenstein born in 1869 deported to Theresienstadt in 1942, dead September 29 , 1942
On the sand 12	December 14, 2007	Theodor Wolff (1894–1943) was born on August 29, 1894 in Nordhausen and lived there. In 1943 he was deported to Auschwitz, where he was murdered on May 26, 1943.	THEODOR WOLFF, born in 1894 , lived here . Deported 1943 Auschwitz murdered May 26th , 1943
Blödaustraße 19		Rudolf Gerson (1890–1938) was born on September 8 or October 1890 in Aschersleben and lived in Salzwedel and Nordhausen. From November 10, 1938 he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp and was murdered there on November 19, 1938.	RUDOLF GERSON, born in 1890 , lived here . Arrested Nov. 1938 Buchenwald Escape to death Nov. 19, 1938
Arnoldstrasse 17		Theodor Stern (1870–1943) was born on December 1, 1870 in Berstadt and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, he was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he was murdered on December 13, 1943.	THEODOR STERN, born in 1870 , lived here, deported September 19, 1942 Theresienstadt, dead December 13, 1943
		Emma Stern (1870–1943) was born Emma Rosenberg on February 2, 1870 in Thundorf and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she was murdered on September 22, 1943.	EMMA STERN nee lived here . Rosenberg born in 1870 deported September 19, 1942 Theresienstadt, dead December 13, 1943
Horse market 5	October 30, 2010	Cäcilie Altmann (1882–1944) was born on June 11, 1882 in Czernowitz and lived in Nordhausen and Hanover . On July 23, 1942, she was deported from Hanover to the Theresienstadt ghetto and from there on October 19, 1944 to the Auschwitz concentration camp. She was later pronounced dead.	CÄCILIE ALTMANN, born in 1888 , lived here, deported in 1942 Theresienstadt, murdered in 1944 in Auschwitz
Riemannstrasse 3		Rosa Herrmann (1890–1944) was born as Rosa Moses on July 9, 1890 in Frielendorf and lived in Nordhausen. She ran a cotton and linen business with her husband Harry. On November 9, 1938, both were arrested. On September 20, 1942, she was deported from Weimar-Halle-Leipzig to Theresienstadt in the ghetto and on May 18, 1944 to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she died. Her son Kurt was able to emigrate to the USA via Belgium and survived.	ROSA HERRMANN nee lived here . Moses born in 1890 deported 1942 Theresienstadt murdered ... Auschwitz
		Harry Herrmann (1877–1944) was born on February 16, 1877 in Nordhausen. He and his wife Rosa ran a cotton and linen business. On November 9, 1938, both were arrested. On September 20, 1942, he was deported from Weimar-Halle-Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto and on May 18, 1944 to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was murdered on July 12, 1944.	HARRY HERRMANN, born in 1877 , lived here . Deported 1942 Theresienstadt murdered ... Auschwitz
Uferstrasse 11		Ludwig 'Louis' Schierholz (1884–1943) was born on June 29, 1884 in Salzdetfurth and lived in Nordhausen after the First World War. On November 30, 1938, he was denounced, arrested and imprisoned in Buchenwald for his loyal behavior towards Jews. He was transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp on March 7, 1940 and to Dachau concentration camp on August 14, 1940 . After his release on April 16, 1941, he was a broken man and died on July 10, 1943 in Nordhausen of health problems. A street in Nordhausen was named after him in 2016.	LOUIS SCHIERHOLZ, born 1884 , lived here . Arrested 1938 Buchenwald 1940 Mauthausen Dachau survived
Bahnhofstrasse 2	0June 9, 2015	Hermann Bacharach (1859–1938) was born on April 12, 1859 in Rhina and lived in Nordhausen, since 1933 widowed. On August 12, 1935, he was denounced and publicly mistreated by the Nazis. From November 10, 1938, he was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp, where he was murdered on November 24, 1938. His daughter Paula Speier and his son Georg were able to flee to the USA.	Here lived HERMANN BACHARACH Jg. 1859 "protective custody" in 1938 Buchwald murdered 11/24/1938
		Karoline Steinberg (1890–1943) was born on January 1, 1890 as the daughter of Hermann Bacharach in Nordhausen and lived there and in Berlin. She emigrated to Amsterdam with her husband Jean Steinberg, but was deported to Auschwitz in 1943, where she was murdered on September 10, 1943.	Here lived KAROLINE K. BACHARACH married. Steinberg born in 1890 deported 1943 Auschwitz murdered September 10 , 1943
		Paula Speier (1895–1945) was born in 1895 as the daughter of Hermann Bacharach in Nordhausen. She was able to emigrate to the USA in 1934 and died there in 1945.	Here lived PAULA BACHARACH married. Speier born 1895, escaped 1934 USA
Rautenstrasse 8	March 22, 2018	Emil Reichardt (1883–1942) was born on September 15, 1883 in Nordhausen. He was a factory worker and a member of the SPD. He was arrested on October 18, 1939 for statements against the Nazi government, then imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen, Flossenbürg and Dachau concentration camps and murdered in Buchenwald on April 14, 1942. A street in Nordhausen was named after Emil Reichardt.	Here lived EMIL REICHARDT Jg. 1883 in resistance / SPD arrested in 1937 Buchwald murdered 04/15/1942
Karolingerstrasse 31		Arthur Warburg (1890–1942) was born on March 25, 1890 in Nordhausen. He was imprisoned in Buchenwald on November 10, 1938, and again from December 20, 1941 to March 14, 1942. On March 14, 1942, he was deported to the Bernburg killing center and murdered there on the same day.	Here lived ARTHUR Warburg Jg. 1890 'protective custody' in 1938 Buchwald arrested 12/20/1941 Buchenwald 'transferred' 14.3.1942 Bernburg murdered 03/14/1942
Alexander Pushkin Street 18		Paul Frohnhausen (1877–1944) was born on August 10, 1877 in Halberstadt and lived in Nordhausen. On November 10, 1938, he was imprisoned in Buchenwald. On September 20, 1942, he was deported via Weimar-Halle-Leipzig to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he was murdered on February 23, 1944.	Here lived DR. PAUL GLAD OBERHAUSEN Jg. 1877 ...
		Melanie Frohnhausen (1899–1944) was born as Melanie Lewin on September 13, 1899 in Nieheim and lived in Nordhausen. On September 20, 1942 she was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto and on May 18, 1944 to Auschwitz, where she was murdered.	MELANIE FROHNHAUSEN nee lived here . LEWIN born 1899 ...
On the sand 3	April 26, 2018	Walter Goldschmidt (1897–?) Was born on September 11, 1897 in Nordhausen and ran a horse shop. In 1942 he was deported to Theresienstadt.	WALTER GOLDSCHMIDT, born in 1897 , lived here . Deported 1942 Theresienstadt liberated
Neustadtstrasse 1		Elise Birnbach (1894–?) Was born on August 26, 1894 as Elise Goldschmidt in Nordhausen. On October 28, 1938 she was deported to Poland as part of the Poland campaign .	ELISE BIRNBACH nee lived here . Goldschmidt Born 1894 'Polenaktion' 1938 Bentschen / Zbaszyn Fate unknown
		Inge Ruth Birnbach (1925–?) Was born on October 11, 1925 in Magdeburg, lived in Nordhausen and was deported to Bentschen in Poland on October 28, 1938 .	INGE RUTH BIRNBACH, born in 1925, lived here 'Polenaktion' 1938 Bentschen / Zbaszyn Destiny unknown
		Manfred Birnbach (1926–?) Was born on October 5, 1926 in Magdeburg and lived in Nordhausen. On October 28, 1938 he was deported to Poland.	MANFRED BIRNBACH born in 1926 lived here 'Polenaktion' 1938 Bentschen / Zbaszyn Destiny unknown
		Hermann Birnbach (1891–?) Was born on November 10, 1891 in Novominsk and lived in Nordhausen. On October 28, 1938 he was deported to Poland.	Here lived HERMANN BIRNBACH Jg. 1891 'Poland action' 1938 Bentschen / Zbaszyn fate unknown
On the sand 3	February 18, 2020	Grete Ballin (1903–?) Was born on June 25, 1903 as Grete Winter in Einbeck . Since 1925 she was married to Kurt Ballin from Duderstadt, with whom she had two children and had lived together in Duderstadt since 1931. In March 1934 she moved to Nordhausen with her family. On May 10, 1942, she was deported to the Bełżyce ghetto and died in the Lublin district.	GRETE BALLIN nee lived here . Winter born 1903 deported 1942 Belzyce murdered
		Ruth-Sophie Ballin (1932–?) Was born on May 24, 1932 as the daughter of Kurt and Grete Ballin in Duderstadt . In 1934 her family moved to Nordhausen. On May 10, 1942, she was deported to the Bełżyce ghetto and died in the Lublin district.	RUTH-SOPHIE BALLIN, born in 1932 , lived here, deported in 1942, murdered Belzyce
Hallesche Strasse 13		Hildegard Goldstein (? -?) Was born on August 7th, 1893 as Hildegard Steinitz in Berlin . She was married to Isidor Goldstein and had three children with him. On September 20, 1942, she was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto and from there on October 16, 1944 to the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp.	HILDEGARD GOLDSTEIN nee lived here . Steinitz born 1893 ...
		Isidor Goldstein (1874–1943) was born on January 8, 1874 in Nordhausen. He was married to Hildegard Goldstein. On September 20, 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where he died on May 5, 1943.	ISIDOR GOLDSTEIN born in 1974 lived here ...

literature

• Stumbling blocks in Nordhausen . le Petit - the advertising agency, Nordhausen 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812078-5-9 .

Web links

• Project website by the artist Gunter Demnig
• History of the Jews at NordhausenWiki

Individual evidence

1. ↑ New stumbling blocks in Nordhausen In: nnz-online.de , February 14, 2020, accessed on February 18, 2020.
2. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​in Nordhausen In: nnz-online.de , October 19, 2004, accessed on April 24, 2018.
3. ↑ Singer, Eduard. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
4. ↑ Singer, Kurt Michael. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Pinthus, Stefanie Stephanie. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Catholic Parish Cathedral to the Holy Cross Nordhausen - Stolpersteine In: heiligeskreuz-nordhausen.de , accessed on April 27, 2018.
7. ↑ On July 25: Gunter Demnig relocates further stumbling blocks for victims of National Socialism In: nordhausen.de , July 14, 2006; Messing in Stein In: nnz-online.de , July 25, 2006, accessed on April 24, 2018.
8. ↑ Bach, Agnes. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
9. ↑ Cohn, Else. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
10. ↑ Inhabitants of the city of Nordhausen (1926/27), p. 39. In: Virtual Thuringia Library. Uni Jena, accessed on December 29, 2018 . 
11. ↑ Cohn, Georg. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
12. ↑ Pohly, Selma. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Pohly, Nathan. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
14. ↑ Plaut, Goldine. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Kleimenhagen, Ellen. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
16. ↑ Lewin, Isidore. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
17. ↑ Goldstein, Joachim. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
18. ↑ Goldschmidt, Bertha Berta. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 27, 2018 . 
19. ^ On Friday (December 14th) in Nordhausen: Laying of further "stumbling blocks" in Nordhausen in the presence of a family member of Nazi victims In: nordhausen.de , December 6th, 2007, accessed on April 24th, 2018.
20. ↑ Wolff, Theodor. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 28, 2018 . 
21. ^ Gerson, Hans Walter Rudolf. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 28, 2018 (see also entry on Gerson, Rudolf ibid.). 
22. ↑ Stern, Theodor. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 28, 2018 . 
23. ↑ Stern, Emma. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 28, 2018 . 
24. ↑ Four more stumbling blocks will be laid in Nordhausen on Saturday In: nordhausen.de , October 27, 2010, accessed on April 24, 2018.
25. ↑ Altmann, Cäcilie Cilly. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
26. ↑ ^{a b} Jörg Riesmeyer: Wire to Los Angeles In: thueringer-allgemeine.de , November 1, 2010, accessed on May 2, 2018.
27. ↑ Herrmann, Rosa Rosel. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
28. ↑ Herrmann, Harry Harri. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
29. ↑ Street is named after the former citizen of Nordhausen, Ludwig (Louis) Schierholz. In: nordhausen.de. September 1, 2016, accessed April 30, 2018 . 
30. ↑ scandal at memorial service in Nordhausen In: thueringer-allgemeine.de , accessed on 30 April 2018th
31. ↑ ^{a b c} on which the names are not erased In: nnz-online.de , June 9, 2015, accessed on April 24, 2018 ( speech by the descendant Paul Growald )
32. ↑ Bacharach, Hermann Herz. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
33. ↑ Karoline Käthchen Steinberg-Bacharach In: joodsmonument.nl , accessed on April 30, 2018.
34. ↑ Steinberg, Karoline Kätchen Käthchen Käte. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
35. ^ New stumbling blocks for Nordhausen In: nordhausen.de , March 19, 2018, accessed on April 23, 2018.
36. ↑ Biographical Collection (DY 55 / V 278/6/1454) Emil Reichardt In: argus.bstu.bundesarchiv.de , accessed on April 30, 2018.
37. ^ Warburg, Arthur. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
38. ↑ Frohnhausen, Paul. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
39. ↑ Frohnhausen, Melanie. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
40. ↑ Melanie Frohnhausen | Victim database | Holocaust In: holocaust.cz , accessed April 30, 2018.
41. ↑ Five new stumbling blocks for Nordhausen In: nordhausen.de , April 26, 2018, accessed on April 27, 2018.
42. ↑ Birnbach, Elise Liese. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
43. ↑ Birnbach, Inge Ruth. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
44. ↑ Birnbach, Manfred. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
45. ↑ Birnbach, Hermann. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. bundesarchiv.de, accessed on April 30, 2018 . 
46. ↑ Nordhausen, Auf dem Sand 3, Hallesche Straße 13 and Rautenstraße 10: Gunter Demnig laid 4 stumbling blocks and an information board In: nordhausen.de , accessed on February 18, 2020.
47. ↑ Ballin, Sophie Grete. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved February 19, 2020 . 
48. ^ ^{A b} Uta Schäfer-Richter, Jörg Klein: The Jewish citizens in the Göttingen district, 1933–1945 a memorial book: Göttingen, Hann. Münden, Duderstadt . Wallstein Verlag, 1992, ISBN 978-3-89244-048-2 , pp. 31 ( preview in Google Book search).
49. ↑ ^{a b} Guntram Czauderna, Götz Hütt: Stolpersteine ​​in Duderstadt . BoD - Books on Demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8391-4140-3 , pp. 30 ( preview in Google Book search).
50. ↑ ^{a b} Götz Hütt: History of the modern Jewish community in Duderstadt . BoD - Books on Demand, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-1866-0 , pp. 137 ( preview in Google Book search).
51. ↑ Ballin, Ruth Sophie. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved February 19, 2020 . 
52. ↑ Goldstein, Hildegard Hilde. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved February 18, 2020 . 
53. ^ ^{A b} Siegfried Wolf: Jews in Thuringia 1933-1945: Biographical data. Volume 1, The Culture and Information Center, 2000, p. 172.
54. ↑ Goldstein, Isidore. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved February 18, 2020 .