Rhina

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rhina
community Haunetal
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 47 "  N , 9 ° 40 ′ 59"  E
Height : 228 m above sea level NN
Area : 3.68 km²
Residents : 509  (2004)
Population density : 138 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st February 1971
Postal code : 36166
Area code : 06673

Rhina is a district of the market town of Haunetal in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in East Hesse .

history

The place was first mentioned in 1003. However, the first traces of human presence date from the Upper Paleolithic and the Mesolithic Age 10,000 to 6,000 BC. The medieval settlement was located in the territory of the imperial abbey of Fulda, but the Buchischen knights largely asserted their sovereignty over the place. Evidently, the von Trubenbach families (now called Trümbach), von Bimbach, von Buchenau and von Haune in Rhina had been wealthy since the late Middle Ages. The remains of the Sinzigburg monument can be found in the area, near the B27 east towards Stoppelberg . In the 15th century, the Landgraviate of Hesse managed to acquire property titles in Rhina. Since the beginning of the Reformation, this has led to violent conflicts between Hesse and the knightly families over rights in the village.

The Rhina Church was originally dedicated to St. Nicholas. It was reformed around 1529 and 1530. On the eastern edge of the village is the mill at the Haune, which was first mentioned in writing in 1494. On the western edge of the village, on the small Rhina stream, is the Rhinmühle, which appeared in written records as early as 1454. In the age of the Reformation there was evidence of a locally produced pottery in the village. In the Thirty Years War , Jews in the village were first recorded in writing (1631). The Jewish community has grown steadily, especially since the 18th century. In 1782 the first synagogue was built. In 1806 the place came to the Kingdom of Westphalia . The neighboring Wehrda as the seat of the knighthood and Rhina belonged to the canton of Holzheim. In 1814 the church in Rhina was rebuilt. In 1821 Rhina was added to the Hünfeld district in the Hessian province of Fulda. The synagogue was rebuilt in 1831 and 1832. Local elections were held for the first time in 1835. In 1837 a Jewish cemetery was set up. The inhabitants of the villages of Wehrda, Rhina, Schletzenrod and Wetzlos revolted against the noble lords of Stein zu Wehrda in the revolution of 1848 . In the course of the clashes there were also attacks on Jews from Rhina. In 1862, due to the sharp increase in the Jewish population, a Jewish primary school was opened. In 1902 the first telephone came to Rhina, and in 1912 the place received a water pipe. Until 1923, the place was the only one in Prussia where the majority of the population was Jewish. In 1933, the Jewish members of the community council were forced to resign by order of the NSDAP district leadership and the district office. From 1934 onwards there were attacks on Jewish property and people of the Jewish faith. In 1935, visitors to the synagogue were beaten up. In 1937 a severe weather disaster occurred. On November 10, 1938 , the synagogue and the spatially integrated Jewish school were burned down. On March 1, 1939, the mayor reported the place as " free of Jews ". Probably 49 people were murdered in the course of deportations to ghettos and extermination camps . From 1949 onwards, reparations were made to surviving Jews and to the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization ( JRSO ) in the American zone of occupation . In 1965 the village community center was inaugurated on the site of the former synagogue. In 1966 Rhina was badly affected by a flood of the Haune .

On February 1, 1971, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, the place that was then part of the Hünfeld district was incorporated into the newly formed community of Haunetal.

In May 2003 the village celebrated its 1000th anniversary. At this event there was a concert by the band Hoi! On the occasion of the anniversary, for the first time, a 504-page depiction of the history of the village was created using scientific methodology, the content of which contains, as a part, the most detailed elaboration of the genesis of an important rural Jewish community on an almost exhaustive archival analysis in the German-speaking area.

religion

The Evangelical Church

The Protestant church , which dates from 1814, belongs to the parish Wehrda -Rhina in the parish of Hersfeld and Rotenburg of the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck .

Personalities

literature

  • Peter O. Chotjewitz , Renate Chotjewitz-Häfner : Those who sow with tears. Israeli travel journal . Verlag authors' edition in the Athenäum-Verlag, Bodenheim / Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7610-0567-9
  • Brunhilde Miehe: Rhina - once the focus of Jewish and Christian religion and way of life . 2nd Edition. Self-published, Kirchheim 1981
  • Lutz Fiedler: The Sinzigburg in the middle Haunetal. Leaflet for medieval castles near Haunetal-Rhina, -Wehrda and -Oberstoppel in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg . 1985
  • Renate Chotjewitz-Häfner, Peter O. Chotjewitz: The Jews of Rhina. From the chronicle of an East Hessian village . VGD, Oberellenbach 1988, ISBN 3-9802016-0-0
  • Harald Neuber: Haunetal history . Haunetal municipality, Haunetal 1992
  • Harald Neuber: Evidence of early modern pottery in Rhina , in: Mein Heimatland (Bad Hersfeld), Journal for History, Folklore and Local Studies , Vol. 38 (September 1998), p. 48
  • Claudia C. Müller: Jakob Nussbaum (1873–1936). A Frankfurt painter in the field of tension between styles . Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-7829-0522-9 (also dissertation, University of Frankfurt am Main 1999)
  • Peter O. Chotjewitz: Seamless . Novel. Verbrecher Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-935843-30-5
  • Harald Neuber: Rhina in the mirror of his Christian-Jewish past . Heimatverein Rhina, Haunetal 2005, ISBN 3-00-016677-7
  • Harald Neuber: The mills in the lower Haunetal . Schäfer, Detmold 2012, ISBN 978-3-87696-138-5
  • Pavel Schnabel & Harald Lüders: "Now - after so many 'years" Documentary 60 min. Pavel Schnabel & Hessischer Rundfunk: The fate of the Jews from the Hessian village of Rhina, which was once called "Little Jerusalem". FBW predicate "particularly valuable"; "Adolf Grimme Prize with Gold" 1982; "Film of the Month" - epd; "Sesterce d 'Argent" - Int. Nyon Festival; "Silver Hugo" - Chicago Film Festival 1982; "Special Merit" - The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Hollywood.
  • Literature about Rhina in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Search for Rhina in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rhina (Haunetal community, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district) Jewish history / synagogue. In: http://www.alemannia-judaica.de . Alemannia Judaica - Working Group for Research into the History of Jews in Southern Germany and the Adjoining Region, accessed in August 2018 .
  2. ↑ Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , series "Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen", Volume 18, Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg I, ed. by Ellen Kemp, Darmstadt 1997. ISBN 978-3-8062-1625-7 ; there: Description of the location Haunetal, district Rhina, p. 342.
  3. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , item 328, para. 28 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 399 .
  5. ↑ Neuber 2005 in the bibliography