List of Kazakh capitals
Capitals of Kazakhstan
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Kyzylorda / Kyzyl-Orda
- 1925–1929 capital of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
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Almaty / Alma-Ata
- 1929–1936 capital of the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- 1936–1991 capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
- 1991–1997 capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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Nur-Sultan (until 2019 Astana, formerly Aqmola, Zelinograd, Akmolinsk)
- since 1997 capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan
In second place are the former Russian place names, which are no longer valid today, for better understanding.
Capitals of the regions and the city with special status from 1991 to 1997
Capitals of the regions
- Almaty / Alma-Ata ( Almaty )
- Aqtau / Shevchenko ( Mangghystau )
- Aqmola / Zelinograd ( Aqmola )
- Aqtöbe / Aktjubinsk ( Aqtöbe )
- Atyrau / Gurjew ( Atyrau )
- Kökschetau / Koktschetaw ( Kökschetau )
- Oral / Uralsk ( Western Kazakhstan / Batys Qasaqstan )
- Öskemen / Ust-Kamenogorsk ( East Kazakhstan / Schyghys Qasaqstan )
- Pavlodar ( Pavlodar )
- Petropawl / Petropawlowsk ( Northern Kazakhstan / Soltüstik Qasaqstan )
- Qaraghandy / Karaganda ( Qaraghandy )
- Qostanai / Kustanai ( Qostanai )
- Qysylorda / Kyzyl-Orda ( Qysylorda )
- Taras / Jambul ( Schambyl )
- Schesqasghan / Dscheskasgan ( Schesqasghan )
- Schymkent / Tschimkent ( South Kazakhstan / Ongtüstik Qasaqstan )
- Semei / Semipalatinsk ( Semei )
- Taldyqorghan / Taldy-Kurgan ( Taldyqorghan )
- Arqalyq / Arkalyk ( Torghai )
City with special status
Capitals of the regions and cities with special status since 1997
Capitals of the regions
- Almaty / Alma-Ata ( Almaty , until 2001)
- Aqtau / Shevchenko ( Mangghystau )
- Aqtöbe / Aktjubinsk ( Aqtöbe )
- Astana (until 1998 Aqmola) / Zelinograd ( Aqmola , until 1999)
- Atyrau / Gurjew ( Atyrau )
- Kokschetau / Koktschetaw ( Aqmola , since 1999)
- Oral / Uralsk ( Western Kazakhstan / Batys Qasaqstan )
- Öskemen / Ust-Kamenogorsk ( East Kazakhstan / Schyghys Qasaqstan )
- Pavlodar ( Pavlodar )
- Petropawl / Petropawlowsk ( Northern Kazakhstan / Soltüstik Qasaqstan )
- Qaraghandy / Karaganda ( Qaraghandy )
- Qostanai / Kustanai ( Qostanai )
- Qysylorda / Kyzyl-Orda ( Qysylorda )
- Schymkent / Tschimkent ( South Kazakhstan / Ongtüstik Qasaqstan )
- Taldyqorghan / Taldy-Kurgan ( Almaty , since 2001)
- Taras (until 1997 Schambyl) / Jambul ( Schambyl )
Cities with special status
- Almaty / Alma-Ata
- Nur-Sultan (until 2019 Astana)
- Baikonur