Llano River

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Llano River
Catchment area of ​​the Llano River

Catchment area of ​​the Llano River

Data
Water code US :  1374638
location Texas (USA)
River system Colorado River
Drain over Colorado River  → Gulf of Mexico
origin The confluence of the North Llano River and South Llano River near the village of Junction
30 ° 29 ′ 33 ″  N , 99 ° 45 ′ 22 ″  W
Source height 507  m
muzzle near Kingsland in the Lake LBJ of Texas Colorado coordinates: 30 ° 39 '19 "  N , 98 ° 25' 46"  W 30 ° 39 '19 "  N , 98 ° 25' 46"  W
Mouth height 252  m
Height difference 255 m
Bottom slope 1.5 ‰
length 169 km

The Llano River (from Spanish llano = plain , flat land ) is an approximately 169 km long tributary of the Texan Colorado . The river is created by the confluence of its two headwaters, the North Llano River and South Llano River near the village of Junction and flows into Lake Lyndon B. Johnson , a reservoir of the Colorado , near the settlement of Kingsland . The river flows on its way through the Texan counties Kimble , Mason and Llano in an east-northeast direction until it turns to the southeast for the last 30 km before the confluence shortly after the city of Llano .

history

At the time of the first exploration of the Llanos by Europeans, Domingo Ramón in 1711, Pedro de Rábago y Terán in 1754 and José Mares in 1787/88, the Sana Indians lived around the river in central Texas , a tribe of the Tonkawa , after which the river Río de was living Los Chanes or Sanas , it was given its current name later in the 19th century, shortly before the first settlers of European descent settled in the Llano valley in the middle of the 19th century, and settlers of German descent from Fredericksburg were the first to arrive in the 1850s Then came the first urban settlements with Castell , Hedwigs Hill and Llano. In the 1870s, the settlements of Kingsland and Junction were built around the new railway line. But even at the turn of the millennium, a large part of the river was undeveloped.

North and South Llano Rivers

The North Llano River rises in central Sutton County at 30 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  N , 100 ° 26 ′ 0 ″  W and flows for about 40 km in an easterly direction to its confluence with the South Llano; important tributaries are the approximately 13 km long Stark Creek (source at 30 ° 36 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  W , confluence with the North Llano at 30 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 57 ′ 0 ″  W ), the 27 km long Maynard Creek (source at 30 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  N , 100 ° 9 ′ 0 ″  W , mouth at 30 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  N , 100 ° 2 ′ 0 ″  W ), the Copperas Creek , which is 45 km long with its longest source tributary, East Copperas Creek, and 20 km long Bear Creek , which is 41 km long with its longest source tributary, West Bear Creek (source of Bear Creek at 30 ° 44 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 53 ′ 0 ″  W , of West Bear Creek at 30 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 100 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  W ; confluence with the North Llano at 30 ° 31 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 50 ′ 0 ″  W ).

The South Llano River has its source in northwest Edwards County at 30 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  N , 100 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  W and flows northeast for approximately 49 km to its confluence with the North Llano. The South Llano River is - along with the Colorado - one of the candidates for the San Clemente river, where the Spanish explorer Juan Domínguez de Mendoza stayed for six weeks in 1683. At the confluence with the North Llano, the South Llano has an average discharge rate of 2.10 m³ / s. Important tributaries are the 24 km long Cedar Creek , which flows into Lake Junction at Junction, the 55 km long Paint Creek (source at 29 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  W , confluence with the South Llano at 30 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 54 ′ 0 ″  W ), as well as the Seven Hundred Springs ( 30 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  N , 99 ° 54 ′ 0 ″  W ), where numerous springs emerge from limestone caves in a karst area , which together form the eleventh largest source in the state of Texas. In 1990, the 2 km² South Llano River State Park was established at South Llano and is an important breeding area for the Rio Grande turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo intermedia ).

nature

The Llano River and its two source rivers are poorly developed and largely in a natural state. They dig their beds mostly through solid rock (mostly granite and limestone ). They are the hunting grounds of numerous birds of prey , such as bald and golden eagles , as well as numerous kingfishers and hawks . The clear, mountain river-like water is valued by canoeists , rafting enthusiasts and anglers because of its abundance of fish (mainly perch species).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ North Llano River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey (English)
  2. ↑ a b Llano River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey (English)
  3. ↑ a b c Llano River. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  4. ↑ Stark Creek. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  5. ↑ Maynard Creek. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  6. ^ Copperas Creek, Kimble County. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  7. ↑ Bear Creek, Menard County. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  8. ^ Robert S. Weddle: Domínguez de Mendoza, Juan. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  9. ↑ Website on the Llano River of the Parish of Junction, Texas ( Memento of November 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  10. ^ Paint Creek, Real County. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  11. ↑ Gunnar Brune: Seven Hundred Springs. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed August 31, 2007. (English, tshaonline.org ).
  12. ↑ Texas Parks and Wildlife Department website about South Llano River State Park ( English , Spanish )
  13. ↑ Raye Carrington: Llano River , at Angler Guide Texas at anglerguide.com (English)