Lomatium greenmanii
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Lomatium greenmanii |
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Lomatium greenmanii is a species of the genus Lomatium within the umbelliferae family(Apiaceae). This endemic is found only in the western US state of Oregon , where it is only found in the Wallowa Mountains in Wallowa County . From The Nature Conservancy = TNC is Lomatium greenmanii t as "DURESS extinction" ( "G1", English critically imperiled ) classified. Common English names are Greenman's desertparsley, Greenman's lomatium.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Lomatium greenmanii is a relatively small, perennial herbaceous plant . The stature heights are rarely 2 to mostly 3 to 10 centimeters. In the shade, the plant specimens are etiolated and grow larger.
There is only a single leaf on each of the slender stems. The heavily divided basal green leaves are 3 to 6 inches long. The leaf blades are slightly leathery and shiny. The leaflets are lanceolate-ovate and 3 to 8 rarely up to 5 millimeters long and up to 2.5 millimeters wide. Overall growth is slow.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is in July and August, when the snow has melted in the high-altitude habitats. The inflorescence arises from a stem only a few centimeters high. It is a double umbel made of tiny (light) yellow flowers. This has a diameter of only 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters, the rays are 1 to 3, rarely up to 6 millimeters long. There are few narrow leaflets .
The oval, 3 to 3.5 millimeters long and 2 millimeters wide double achenes are only slightly flattened and split in half when ripe. They are surrounded by a narrow, paper-like border. The ripening time is in August. The oil channels sit individually in the spaces between the ribs and in pairs on the commissure .
Similar species
Lomatium greenmanii can be distinguished from similar species by the small size, the small, poorly developed inflorescences and the shiny appearance (even if there are shiny specimens of Lomatium oreganum ). Lomatium cusickii has a larger, obviously winged fruit, and Lomatium oreganum is usually finely haired and without a caudex .
Occurrence
Originally Lomatium greenmanii was only known from the type locality with the finds from 1900 until 1975 a population was discovered on Mount Howard ; the other sites were identified in 1984 and 2000, respectively. The entire distribution area covers only 6.65 km².
Lomatium greenmanii inhabited altitudes of 2370 to 2700 meters in the Wallowa Mountains . These are Mount Howard and the nearby Ruby Peak and Redmont Peak. This landscape is characterized by windswept knolls and ridges, where the plants assert themselves on fine-grained basaltic or green slate soil over granite . All locations are on US Forest Service managed land.
Lomatium greenmanii grows in the subalpine zone in rocky areas or in meadows between conifers . Among the socialized with her species include Festuca brachyphylla , trisetum spicatum ( Trisetum spicatum ) Lomatium cusickii , Geteiltblättriges fleabane ( Erigeron compositus ), Pedicularis contorta , Cistanthe umbellata , Castilleja chrysantha , Erigeron chrysopsidis var. Brevifolius , Eriogonum flavum , Eriogonum ovalifolium var. depressum , Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina , alpine pointed keel ( Oxytropis campestris ), white-stemmed pine ( Pinus albicaulis ) and Solidago multiradiata as well as lichens and mosses .
Hazard and protection
Lomatium greenmanii is endangered by the approximately 30,000 annual tourists at Mt. Howard if they stay off the beaten track. Tread damage makes the rocky substrate unstable and can destroy the seedlings.
Due to its extremely small distribution area with only three known sites, Lomatium greenmanii has been considered globally “threatened with extinction” since August 1983 (G1; status March 12, 2015). These populations are less than 10,000 specimens covering approximately 250 hectares. Monitoring Center on Lomatium greenmanii one was monitoring established system.
In 2007, the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest and the US Fish and Wildlife Service signed a Candidate Conservation Agreement (CCA) to monitor Lomatium greenmanii . The main objective of this CCA is the long-term protection of Lomatium greenmanii through active protective measures and through appropriate management. This includes the ongoing inventory and monitoring of the known populations, especially at Mt. Howard, which are carried out at least every two years.
Schultz & Matthews (2005) developed a predictive model for Lomatium greenmanii . This uses information on geology, precipitation, slope inclination and direction as well as altitude of the known occurrences in order to be able to identify further potential occurrences. The model was used in 2007 and 2011 to search for additional deposits in the western Wallowa Mountains. This is how the small population at Ruby Peak was discovered in 2011. According to the model, there may be other deposits at Redmont Peak, Wing Ridge, and Brown Mountain.
In 2010, permanent monitoring transects were set up at Mt. Howard, Redmont Peak and Ruby Peak in order to be able to assess the population development of Lomatium greenmanii . This monitoring replaced earlier efforts that were inconsistent on the different areas and were ultimately abandoned. The aim of the program is to be able to understand population sizes, habitat changes and threats. The data is used by the authorities to monitor the protective measures. Other species were also included in the observation program. The transects were re-examined in 2011. Based on the results, recommendations were made to examine only the three actual occurrences and to carry out these examinations every five to six years instead of every year.
Taxonomy and Botanical History
The first description of Lomatium greenmanii was in 1938, based on a specimen that was collected in 1900 at a "Keystone Creek" site in the Wallowa Mountains by Mildred Esther Mathias in A revision of the genus Lomatium in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 25 , Pages 225-297. The specific epithet greenmanii honors Jesse More Greenman (1867–1951) from the Missouri Botanical Garden .
Later attempts to reconstruct the type locality (or any other location in the Wallowas called Keystone Creek) were unsuccessful, so Lomatium greenmanii was considered extinct. However, Lomatium greenmanii was rediscovered on Mount Howard in 1975 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Lomatium greenmanii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 16, 2019.
- ^ A b R. J. Meinke, L. Constance: Lomatium oreganum and L. greenmanii (Umbelliferae), two little known alpine endemics from northeastern Oregon . In: Madroño . 29, 1982, pp. 13-18.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Greenman's desert parsley (Lomatium greenmanii) . Oregon Department of Agriculture.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lomatium greenmanii at The Nature Conservancy .
- ^ Lomatium greenmanii Mathias - Greenman's biscuitroot . In: USDA Plants Profile . Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ↑ Lomatium greenmanii, Greenman's lomatium . In: Celebrating Wildflowers . US Forest Service . Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h A. Cronquist: Umbelliferae . In: CL Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey & JW Thompson (Eds.): Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae . Univ. Washington Press, Seattle 1961, pp. 506-586.
- ^ A b Gene Yates, Jerry Hustafa: Lomatium greenmanii Inventory and Monitoring . Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, 2015: "Final Report"
- ^ Jeff Schultz, Joanna Mathews: Morphologic and molecular studies, predictive distribution modeling, and population monitoring for Lomatium greenmanii. Report prepared for the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest 2004.
- ^ M. Mancuso: Monitoring Greenman's desert parsley (Lomatium greenmanii) on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Oregon. Report prepared by Mancuso Botanical Services for the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest 2010.
- ^ ME Mathias: A revision of the genus Lomatium . In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 25, 1938, pp. 225-297.