Lomme (boat type)

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Lommen were a boat type of 5 to 7 m in length that was used in particular for fishing on the Frischen Haff and in the Vistula estuary in the former German province of East Prussia until 1945 .

Construction features

Boats made of wood were designated as Lommen, which had the following characteristics: Lommen had no keel , but floor planks were placed on the fore and stern stems with a slight incline. This made them well suited for use in shallow waters. The hull of the Lommen consisted of three to four wide, strong planks on both sides , which were laid one on top of the other in the manner of roof tiles in clinker construction . The top side of the ship was covered by a gunwale with two pairs of oarlocks on either side . The characteristic of this type of boat was that the bow and stern stems were only visible from the front, as they were surrounded by the sides of the hull planks. A three-part detachable rudder blade was used for steering. Lommen were rowed and sailed. They carried a mast or two with spritsails . Occasionally a triangular sail was used as a jib instead of the foremast with a small spritsail . Masts and sails were raised or lowered as required. A sword was used to counteract drift when sailing . The sword was a board up to a length of about 2.2 m, which, held on the mast by a rope or steel cable, on the leeward side, i.e. H. the side facing away from the wind was hung overboard. More recently, the side sword has been replaced by a plug-in sword that was stuck in a sword case in the middle of the boat immediately behind the mast.

There were also cargo sailors under the same name. They were very complete ships with a length: width ratio of 2.71. The length was approx. 15 m. They could transport around 70 - 80 t of cargo. So-called Lom yachts were rigged with a mast. Larger lommers, schooner lobes, were rigged with two masts, a main mast and a smaller mizzen mast , on which gaff sails were guided. Their sailing area was mainly the Fresh Lagoon, some Lommen made it to Gotland , Bornholm and Rügen . They were also used for stone fishing in the Baltic Sea. Lommen were built in Tolkemit on the Frischen Haff, including at the Modersitzki shipyard, which moved to Maasholm on the Schlei after 1945 .

With the end of the war in 1945, this type of boat, the fishing and the freight, practically ceased to exist.

Types

A distinction was made between the following types used for fishing:

Hafflommen

The Hafflommen were about 6.30–6.90 m long and had a peeling board , an attachment on the gunwale , to ward off the short, steep Haff waves . They were used for gillnet fishing in the lagoon. The crew consisted of 3–4 men.

Sea Lives

The sea lions were about 6.00–6.30 m long. They were used for drift , gillnet and line fishing for cod , flounder and salmon from the beach in the Baltic Sea . The sea lions were brought from the beach through the surf with oars and stakes . Only then was the rudder attached and masts and sails set. The fishing community that shared the boat usually consisted of 2-3 men.

Beads

A third type were the smaller beads .

See also

literature

  • Klaus Dobers: Ostseebad Kahlberg Fresh Spit . Truso Verlag, Münster / Westf. 1991, ISBN 3-88378-015-4 .
  • Siegfried Fornacon, Gerhard Salemke (eds.): Lommen and Buxer: popular ships in East and West Prussia. Self-published, Brilon-Gudenhagen 1988, DNB 891133984 .
  • Edwin Littkemann: Picture map around the Fresh Lagoon , 1989.
  • Hans Szymanski: The sailing ships of the German small shipping . maritime press, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-95427-012-5 .