Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography

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Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography
Category: research Institute
Carrier: Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft , Municipality of Vienna , Federal Ministry for Science and Research and third-party funding
Facility location: Vienna
Areas of expertise: Neurology , clinical neurophysiology , neurosciences , brain research , neuropsychology
Management: Lüder Deecke

The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography was a scientific institute for researching the function of brain areas . It was founded in 1993 by Lüder Deecke in Vienna . When he retired in 2006, the institute was closed.

Scientific contribution

The institute was made up of several working groups that researched in particular on the following subject areas.

Voluntary motor skills

After the motion-related potentials in the electroencephalogram (EEG) were investigated ( Bereitschaftspotential BP or readiness potential), the guest scientists improved Ross Cunnington the temporal resolution fMRI ( functional magnetic resonance imaging ) to the effect that a standby potential characteristic in the regional cerebral blood flow (event-related fMRI ) can be registered. This was specified in another work and a term was coined for it: standby BOLD response . The readiness potential of the EEG can thus also be recognized as an rCBF (regional cerebral blood flow) curve in the fMRI. It is delayed by a few seconds, but it also has two components, the early BP early and the late, BP late, of the EEG readiness potential. These investigations were carried out by the Lang & Deecke working group.

Music processing in the brain

To investigate the brain activity of music students when composing, the working group around Beisteiner selected two methods from the series of methods of functional brain topography: the cortical DC potentials of the EEG and the magnetoencephalogram (MEG). In the experiment, the students had to solve tasks on various elements of composition theory, using Arnold Schönberg's twelve-tone technique as the basis. First, a melody had to be continued in a logical compositional way, whatever could be done right or wrong. Second, the melody had to be composed in mirror image (inversion). Third, it had to be composed from back to front ( Cancer ) and fourth, the melody had to be composed in mirror image and from back to front (reversal of Cancer). The experiments showed that the compositional spinning, i.e. the synthetic processing of the given tone sequence, took place primarily in the right brain hemisphere, namely right parieto - temporally . The analytical processing, on the other hand, led to predominantly left-hemisphere emphasis (left-temporal). Another experimental variant was the investigation of tonal versus atatonic tone sequences: The first three chords of a cadence were presented to the left ear. This created a harmonic context, as a result of which a so-called target tone could either be harmonic or disharmonious. The cadences were presented in quick succession and in random order and in different keys to make the task more difficult. The results indicated a specific P300m on the non-harmonic target tones. The P300m is the MEG analogue of the P300 in the EEG. A P300 occurs when surprisingly other stimuli, so-called oddballs, are interspersed in a tone sequence, i.e. chords that do not fit into the cadence. The methodology made it possible to test the understanding of harmony among music students and subsequently became an aptitude test for the objective measurement of the sense of harmony at music colleges, e.g. B. expanded for the composition subject. The Beisteiner working group also dealt with the preoperative neurophysiological analysis of patients who are to be operated on by neurosurgery (with the help of fMRI , MEG and DC-EEG): e.g. B. Exact localization and expansion of eloquent brain tissue that must be surgically spared. The Beisteiner working group initiated fMRI research in the Alpine region with numerous, also multimodal, pioneering work.

Functional imaging methods for the blind with Braille reading

In 14 test subjects who became blind at an early stage, the Uhl group was able to show that specific fMRI correlations with Braille reading were found only in occipital and basal temporo-occipital brain areas , with the primary visual cortex playing a decisive role. This means that subcomponents of Braille reading were correlated differently there. The subcomponents examined were a) passive tactile stimulation, b) active tactile pattern recognition and c) visual imagination of Braille. Although Braille reading is tactile (reading with the fingers), it does not activate the somatosensory cortex , but the primary visual cortex (area striata) or area 17 according to Brodmann's brain map . As shown here, the optical cortex remains a cortex for the orientation of humans in space as well as for the cognitive performance of 'reading' per se, also for tactile Braille reading when reading with the eyes has failed.

Smell, emotions and memory. Investigation of stutterers

The memory starts to work just a few 100 milliseconds after a stimulus. The Walla group showed that deep (i.e. semantic) encoding of a word is associated with more brain activity than shallow (letter-like) processing, with women and men developing different strategies. Smell and memory are closely related, which has been studied for both words and faces. In Alzheimer's patients who have just started dementia ( MCI, mild cognitive insufficiency ), the MEG was shown to be predictive, i.e. H. was able to predict whether a particular MCI patient would become an Alzheimer's patient . This design was subsequently also used for therapy progress studies. In the area of ​​the topic “Smell, Emotion, Memory, Words, Faces”, the fragrance PEA (N-palmitoyl-ethanol-amine) was found to have an influence on the encoding and recognition of faces, if they were classified as 'sympathetic' and 'not sympathetic' had to be divided. The topic of stuttering was also dealt with: 8 stutterers and 8 age-appropriate normal persons were given certain tasks and examined in the MEG. While the stuttering was not yet noticeable in task 1 (silent reading), it appeared strongly in task 2 (immediately pronouncing a word shown out loud): only the normal persons showed clear neural activity before they started speaking. This preparatory brain activity before speaking is the standby magnetic field (BF), namely the left-lateralized component BF2 before the fluid speech production. In the stutterers with their non-fluent speech production, this readiness field was either absent or greatly reduced.

Advanced presurgical diagnosis of epilepsy

This research focus of the Baumgartner working group of the LBI Institute for Functional Brain Topography produced findings for the temporal lobe - epilepsy . By examining 30 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in magnetoencephalography (MEG) it was discovered that not only the location of the epileptic dipole in the temporal brain is important, but its spatial orientation is also important. This led to the classification into two subtypes of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy , who showed different propagation behavior of the seizures (unilateral or bilateral) and different prognoses. The Rolando-epilepsy was first examined with the MEG.

Methods

The following imaging methods were used and further developed to localize motor, sensory, language-relevant and memory-relevant brain areas :

Publications

  • R. Beisteiner, C. Windischberger, R. Lanzenberger, V. Edward, R. Cunnington, M. Erdler, A. Gartus, B. Streibl, E. Moser, L. Deecke: Finger somatotopy in human motor cortex. In: NeuroImage. 13, 2001, pp. 1016-1026.
  • L. Deecke: Planning, preparation, execution, and imagery of volitional action, (Introduction / Editorial). In: L. Deecke, W. Lang, A. Berthoz (Eds.): Mental representations of motor acts. (= Cogn Brain Res. 3) (Special Issue 2), 1996, pp. 59-64.
  • M. Erdler, R. Beisteiner, D. Mayer, T. Kaindl, V. Edward, C. Windischberger, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: Supplementary motor area activation preceding voluntary movement is detectable with a whole scalp magnetoencephalography system. In: NeuroImage. 11, 2000, pp. 697-707.
  • T. Foki, A. Geissler, A. Gartus, G. Pahs, L. Deecke, R. Beisteiner: Cortical lateralization of bilateral symmetric chin movements and clinical relevance in tumor patients - a high field BOLD-FMRI study. In: NeuroImage. 37 (1), 2007, pp. 26-39.
  • P. Franzen, F. Uhl, W. Lang, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: EEG evidence for visual cortex involvement in braille reading. In: CHM Brunia, AWK Gaillard, A. Kok (Ed.): Psychophysiological Brain Research. Vol I, Tilburg University Press, 1990, pp. 269-272.
  • A. Fuchs, JM Mayville, D. Cheyne, H. Weinberg, L. Deecke, JAS Kelso: Spatiotemporal analysis of neuromagnetic events underlying the emergence of coordinative instabilities. In: NeuroImage. 12, 2000, pp. 71-84.
  • A. Gartus, M. Erdler, D. Mayer, V. Edward, R. Lanzenberger, C. Windischberger, L. Deecke, R. Beisteiner: Stability of MEG Dipole Solutions depending on Time Point and Filtering. In: K. Friston , RSJ Frackowiak, E. Bullmore (Eds.): Proc 7th Ann Meeting Organization Human Brain Mapping HBM2001. Brighton UK NeuroImage, 13 (6), 2001, p. S120.
  • E. Püregger, P. Walla, L. Deecke, P. Dal-Bianco: Magnetoencephalographic-features related to mild cognitive impairment. In: NeuroImage. 20 (4), 2003, pp. 2235-2244.
  • B. Staresina, H. Bauer, L. Deecke, P. Walla: Neurocognitive correlates of incidental verbal memory encoding: a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study. In: NeuroImage. 25 (2), 2005, pp. 430-443.
  • B. Staresina, H. Bauer, L. Deecke, P. Walla: Magnetoencephalographic correlates of different levels in subjective recognition memory. In: NeuroImage. 27 (1), 2005, pp. 83-94.
  • F. Uhl, P. Franzen, G. Lindinger, W. Lang, L. Deecke: On the functionality of the visually deprived occipital cortex in early blind persons. In: Neurotic Lett. 124, 1991, pp. 256-259.
  • P. Walla, B. Hufnagl, G. Lindinger, H. Imhof, L. Deecke, W. Lang: Left temporal and temporoparietal brain activity depends on depth of word encoding: A magnetoencephalographic study in healthy young subjects. In: NeuroImage. 13, 2001, pp. 402-409.
  • P. Walla, B. Hufnagl, J. Lehrner, D. Mayer, G. Lindinger, H. Imhof, L. Deecke, W. Lang: Olfaction and depth of word processing: a magnetoencephalographic study. In: NeuroImage. 18, 2003, pp. 104-116.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ RQ Cui, D. Huter, W. Lang, L. Deecke: Neuroimage of voluntary movement: Topography of the Ready Potential, a 64-channel DC current source density study. In: NeuroImage. 9, 1999, pp. 124-134.
  2. ^ R. Cunnington, C. Windischberger, L. Deecke, E. Moser: The preparation and execution of self-initiated and externally-triggered movement: A study of event-related fMRI. In: NeuroImage. 15, 2002, pp. 373-385.
  3. ^ R. Cunnington, C. Windischberger, L. Deecke, E. Moser: The preparation and readiness for voluntary movement: a high-field event-related fMRI study of the standby BOLD response. In: NeuroImage. 20, 2003, pp. 404-412.
  4. ^ R. Beisteiner, E. Altenmüller, W. Lang, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: Watching the musicians brain. In: Eur J Cogn Psychol. 6, 1994, pp. 311-327.
  5. ↑ R. Beisteiner, M. Erdler, D. Mayer, A. Gartus, V. Edward T. Kaindl, S. Golaszewski, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: A marker for differentiation of capabilities for processing of musical harmonies as detected by magnetoencephalography in musicians. In: Neurosci Lett. 277, 1999, pp. 37-40.
  6. ^ R. Beisteiner, R. Lanzenberger, K. Novak, V. Edward, C. Windischberger, M. Erdler, R. Cunnington, A. Gartus, B. Streibl, E. Moser, T. Czech, L. Deecke: Improvement of presurgical patient evaluation by generation of functional magnetic resonance risk maps. In: Neurosci Lett. 290, 2000, pp. 13-16.
  7. ↑ Roland Beisteiner President of the Alpine Space sub-organization of the "Organization for Human Brain Mapping", Medical University Vienna, January 15, 2015
  8. ^ F. Uhl, G. Kretschmer, G. Lindinger, G. Goldenberg, W. Lang, W. Oder, L. Deecke: Tactile mental imagery in sighted persons and in patients suffering from peripheral blindness early in life. In: Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol. 91, 1994, pp. 249-255.
  9. ↑ M. Breitenseher, F. Uhl, D. Prayer-Wimberger, L. Deecke, S. Trattnig, J. Kramer: Morphological dissociation between visual pathways and cortex: MRI of visually-deprived patients with congenital peripheral blindness. In: Neuroradiology. 40, 1998, pp. 424-427.
  10. ^ R. Beisteiner, C. Windischberger, A. Geissler, A. Gartus, F. Uhl, E. Moser, L. Deecke, R. Lanzenberger: FMRI correlates of different components of Braille reading by the blind. In: Neurol Psychiat Brain Res. 21, 2015, pp. 137–145.
  11. ↑ P. Walla, D. Mayer, L. Deecke, S. Thurner: The lack of focused anticipation of verbal information in stutterers: a magnetoencephalographic study. In: NeuroImage. 22 (3), 2004, pp. 1321-1327.
  12. ↑ E. Pataraia, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke, D. Mayer, C. Baumgartner: Combined MEG / EEG analysis of the interictal spike complex in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In: NeuroImage. 24 (3), 2005, pp. 607-614.
  13. ↑ C. Baumgartner, A. Doppelbauer, A. Lischka, M. Graf, G. Lindinger, A. Olbrich, K. Novak, S. Aull, W. Serles, S. Lurger, L. Deecke: Benign focal epilepsy of childhood - A combined neuroelectric and neuromagnetic study. In: C. Baumgartner, L. Deecke, G. Stroink, SJ Williamson (Eds.): Biomagnetism: Fundamental research and clinical applications. (= Studies in applied electromagnetics and mechanics. Vol. 7). Elsevier / IOS Press, Amsterdam 1995, ISBN 90-5199-233-5 , pp. 39-42.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '14.6 "  N , 16 ° 20' 42.1"  E