Lüder Deecke

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Lüder Deecke (born June 22, 1938 in Lohe-Rickelshof , Schleswig-Holstein) is a German- Austrian neurologist , neuroscientist , emeritus full university professor. He was head of the University Clinic for Neurology at the University of Vienna, from 2004 of the Medical University of Vienna and head of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography . His early research in the 1960s, along with Hans Helmut Huber grain led to the discovery of the readiness potential (or readiness potential ), a signal for neuronal activity in the brain that precedes our voluntary movements and actions. Deecke has published several books and around 600 scientific papers and adaptations in the fields of neurology , clinical neurology, neurophysiology , clinical neurophysiology, neuroscience, brain research , motion sickness, stroke , epilepsy, etc.

Life

After graduating from high school in 1958 at the Humanist Gymnasium Ernestinum Celle , he began studying physics at the University of Hamburg , but was called up for military service in 1959, which he finished as a lieutenant in 1960. From 1960 to 1965 he studied medicine in Freiburg im Breisgau, Hamburg and Vienna with a scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation . In 1966 he obtained his doctorate with a thesis on readiness potential, which he discovered together with his doctoral supervisor, Hans Helmut Kornhuber . From 1964 to 1966 he worked at the Neurological University Clinic Freiburg with Richard Jung and from 1967 to 1970 at the Neurological University Clinic Ulm with Kornhuber. After studying as a research fellow at the University of Toronto from 1970 to 1971 , he qualified as professor of neurology and neurophysiology in 1974. In 1982 he was Distinguished Visiting Professor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2003 . In 1985 he received the chair for clinical neurology at the University of Vienna and head of the Neurological University Clinic Vienna (until 2000). In 1991, when he moved to the New General Hospital of the City of Vienna (AKH), ​​Deecke also became head of the Department of Clinical Neurology. In 1991 he was Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of California, Irvine with Arnold Starr. In 1993, Deecke founded and headed the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography . In October 2006 Deecke retired.

Scientific contribution

In 1964, as a doctoral student of Hans Helmut Kornhuber , Deecke made EEG recordings in humans before and after voluntary movements and actions, and both discovered a slow activation (negative movement) in the EEG, the readiness potential. The term readiness potential (BP) became a German technical term in the English language. In order to derive brain activity from an unforeseeable event - which is a voluntary movement - a special method was needed, reverse averaging. It was also invented by the authors in 1964. In 1989 the authors were invited by the private citation database Science Citation Index to publish a comment for this publication as This week's Citation Classic in Current Contents Life Sciences .

1970 to 1971 Deecke made vestibular experiments ( sense of balance ) in monkeys with John M. Fredrickson in Toronto, Canada and found the thalamic relay core, nucleus ventralis posterior inferior (VPI) for vestibular projection to the cortex. In a second project he investigated normothermic perfusion in rhesus monkeys as a therapeutic measure for cross-sectional spinal cord compression, and as a third project the changes in the acoustic evoked potentials during respiratory stress.

1978 published evidence that the supplementary motor cortex ( supplementary motor area , SMA) is active against willful actions and time prior to activation of the primary motor cortex (M1, Brodmann Area occurs 4). This publication led to the realization that the early component of the preparedness potential (BP1 or BPearly) is generated by the activation of the SMA. BP1 is bilaterally symmetrical because the SMAs in both hemispheres are always active - even with unilateral actions. The second component of the standby potential (BP2 or BPlate) is generated by the primary motor cortex M1 and is asymmetrical, namely dominant over the contralateral hemisphere.

In 1982 the magnetoencephalography (MEG) analog of the standby potential, the standby magnetic field (standby field), was first derived as part of Deecke's visiting professorship at the invitation of Hal Weinberg in Vancouver . From 1985 in Vienna Deecke had his own MEG laboratory, first with a 5-channel MEG system, from 1996 with the MEG Center Vienna, an MEG device with 143 channels (CTF Vancouver, Canada). It was possible to prove the participation of the SMA in the standby magnetic field (standby field).

In 1984 follow-up movements (tracking movements) were examined by hand for visual and tactile stimuli. There was evidence that the frontal cortex (SMA, prefrontal cortex ) prepares and monitors the movement or action, but does not trigger it. The frontal brain delegates this to the "expert systems for tracking in the brain", namely to the visual cortex and the M1. In 2002 the term standby BOLD effect was introduced by Ross Cunnington et al. a. characterized in event coupled fMRI -Untersuchungen (event-related fMRI studies) at the Department of Clinical Neurology and Department of Radio Diagnostics Medical University of Vienna.

It is thus generated according to Deecke and Kornhuber, the early component of the BP (BP1 or BPearly) of the following beef fields : the SMA, the pre-SMA and the cingulate motor cortex ( cingulate motor area , CMA). The latter is now also referred to as the anterior mid-cingular cortex (aMCC). The second component (BP2 or BPlate) is generated by the M1. In contrast to earlier views, the intentional activity according to Kornhuber and Deecke does not run directly from the SMA to the M1, but rather runs through the cortico- basal ganglio- thalamo-cortical loop, or motor loop for short. This means that the preparation for a movement already takes place in the frontal lobe and is passed on to the routine processes of the basal ganglia, which do the preparatory work for the motor cortex M1. M1 then generates the salvo for the pyramid orbit , which we then also become aware of. During early BP (BP1) preparation for action is not yet conscious, but during BP2 it becomes conscious. Based on this observation, Benjamin Libet concluded that when we initiate the action we do not have free will (BP1) but that we have free will when it comes to controlling movement (BP2). Kornhuber and Deecke emphasize that there are conscious and unconscious agendas in the brain and that both are important. The unconscious agendas would far outweigh, the consciousness is only the "tip of the iceberg".

Kornhuber and Deecke's views on SMA and CMA have now been supplemented by similar models from Ross Cunnington and team. Kornhuber and Deecke have long postulated that the limbic system is always involved in the early preparation for action - by comparing it with internal needs, the basic emotional state and our respective mood - and has now been modeled in a similar way by the Cunnington group. Kornhuber and Deecke argued that freedom is given, a freedom in degrees of freedom that people can regulate upwards through their own strength and learning in order to improve their free will, which is a dynamic process.

honors and awards

  • 1971 Science Prize of the City of Ulm
  • 1982 Distinguished Visiting Professor Simon Fraser University Vancouver
  • 1989 Dr. Herbert Reisner Prize
  • 1990 Citation Classic, Current Contents, Institute for Scientific Information (Kornhuber & Deecke, Pflügers Arch. 284, 1965, pp. 1–17)
  • 1991 Distinguished Visiting Professor University of California, Irvine
  • 1997 Hoechst Prize
  • 2000 Hans Berger Prize from the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology
  • 2003 Dr. honoris causa Simon Fraser University Vancouver
  • 2006 Medal of Merit from the Honorable Fraternity of the Holy Cross
  • 2008 Adjunct Professor Simon Fraser University, Burnaby Vancouver Canada
  • 2009 Théophil Gluge Prize of the Royal Belgian Academy of Sciences' for scientific merits in the field of Neurology and Neurosciences'y
  • 2015 Fellow of the European Academy of Neurology (FEAN)

Memberships in international associations

During his active time until October 2006, Deecke was a member of 52 international and national scientific societies. In 1987 he became President of the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Society. He has served on several editorial boards of academic journals.

Publications

Books

  • with Hans Helmut Kornhuber : Will and Brain. 2. revised Edition. Edition Sirius published by Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld / Locarno 2009, ISBN 978-3-89528-628-5 .
  • Can the mind be understood neurophysiologically? In: MF Peschl, A. Batthyany (Ed.): Spirit as a cause? Mental causation in interdisciplinary discourse . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8260-3806-8 , pp. 121-161.
  • What is mind from the point of view of brain research? In: Kurt Appel, HP Weber, Rudolf Langthaler , Sigrid Müller (eds.): Naturalization of the Spirit? Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8260-3811-2 .
  • The thoughts are free - the will is free. Consolidation of will as a psychotherapeutic treatment element. In: O. Wiesmeyr, A. Batthyany (Ed.): Sense and Person . Contribution z. Logotherapy and existential analysis by Viktor E. Frankl. (= Beltz-Taschenbuch 179). Beltz Verlag, Weinheim / Basel 2006, ISBN 3-407-22179-7 , pp. 331–372.
  • with K. Zeiler and E. Auff (eds.): Clinical Neurology . Facultas Universitätsverlag, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85076-751-5 .
  • Free will and action from the very source of the soul. In: MF Peschl (Ed.): The role of the soul in cognitive and neuroscience. In search of the substratum of the soul. Königshausen & Neumann Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-2909-7 , pp. 63-108.
  • L. Deecke, JC Eccles, VB Mountcastle (Eds.): From neuron to action. An appraisal of fundamental and clinical research. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1990, ISBN 3-540-52072-4 .
  • L. Deecke, K. Zeiler: How do I avoid a stroke? Influenceable risk factors. Facultas Verlag, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-85076-271-8 .
  • T. Mergner, A. Ebner, L. Deecke: Acoustically evoked potentials (AEP) in clinic and practice. Springer, Vienna / New York 1989.
  • with Jürgen Kriz : Meaning-oriented wanting and acting between brain physiology and cultural design. Picus, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-85452-527-1 .
  • HH Kornhuber, L. Deecke (Ed.): Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain: Electrical potentials, behavior and clinical use. (= Progres in Brain Research. Vol 54). Elsevier, Amsterdam 1980, ISBN 0-444-80196-0 .

Technical article

Deecke wrote about 600 technical articles and adaptations:

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ HH Kornhuber, L. Deecke: Changes in brain potential in humans before and after voluntary movements, shown with magnetic tape storage and backward analysis. In: Pflügers Arch. , 281, 1964, p. 52.
  2. ↑ HH Kornhuber, L. Deecke: Changes in brain potential during voluntary movements and passive movements of humans: readiness potential and reafferent potentials. In: Pflügers Arch. , 284, 1965, pp. 1-17.
  3. ^ HH Kornhuber, L. Deecke: Readiness for movement - the readiness potential story. In: Current Contents Life Sciences. 33 (4), 1990, p. 14 and Current Contents Clinical Medicine , 18 (4), 1990, p. 14, garfield.library.upenn.edu (PDF)
  4. ↑ L. Deecke, DWF Schwarz, JM Fredrickson: Nucleus ventroposterior inferior (VPI) as the vestibular thalamic relay in the rhesus monkey. I. Field potential investigation. In: Exp Brain Res. , 20, 1974, pp. 88-100.
  5. ↑ CH Tator, L. Deecke: Value of normothermic perfusion, hypothermic perfusion, and durotomy in the treatment of experimental acute spinal cord trauma. In: J Neurosurg. , 39, 1973, pp. 52-64.
  6. ↑ L. Deecke, RC Goode, G. Whitehead, WH Johnson, DP Bryce: Hearing under respiratory stress: Latency changes of the human auditory evoked response during hyperventilation, hypoxia, asphyxia, and hypercapnia. In: Aerospace Med. , 44, 1973, pp. 1106-1111.
  7. ↑ L. Deecke, HH Kornhuber: An electrical sign of participation of the mesial “supplementary” motor cortex in human voluntary finger movements. In: Brain Res. 159, 1978, pp. 473-476.
  8. ↑ L. Deecke, H. Weinberg, P. Brickett: Magnetic fields of the human brain accompanying voluntary movement. Standby magnetic field. In: Exp Brain Res. 48, 1982, pp. 144-148.
  9. ^ W. Lang, D. Cheyne, R. Kristeva, R. Beisteiner, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: Three-dimensional localization of SMA activity preceding voluntary movement. A study of electric and magnetic fields in a patient with infarction of the right supplementary motor area. In: Exp Brain Res. , 87, 1991, pp. 688-695.
  10. ↑ M. Erdler, R. Beisteiner, D. Mayer, T. Kaindl, V. Edward, C. Windischberger, G. Lindinger, L. Deecke: Supplementary motor area activation preceding voluntary movement is detectable with a whole-scalp magnetoencephalography system. In: NeuroImage , 11, 2000, pp. 697-707.
  11. ↑ M. Lang, W. Lang, B. Heise, L. Deecke, HH Kornhuber: Brain potentials related to voluntary hand tracking, motivation and attention. In: Hum Neurobiol. , 3, 1984, pp. 235-240.
  12. ^ R. Cunnington, C. Windischberger, L. Deecke, E. Moser: The preparation and execution of self-initiated and externally-triggered movement: A study of event-related fMRI. In: NeuroImage , 15, 2002, pp. 373-385.
  13. ^ R. Cunnington, C. Windischberger, L. Deecke, E. Moser: The preparation and readiness for voluntary movement: a high-field event-related fMRI study of the standby BOLD response. In: NeuroImage , 20, 2003, pp. 404-412.
  14. ^ B. Libet, CA Gleason, EW Wright, DK Pearl: Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness potential): The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. In: Brain. 106, 1983, pp. 623-642.
  15. ↑ a b c H. H. Kornhuber, L. Deecke: Will and brain. 2. revised Edition. Edition Sirius, Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld / Basel 2009, ISBN 978-3-89528-628-5 .
  16. ↑ a b c H. H. Kornhuber, L. Deecke: The will and its brain - an appraisal of reasoned free will. University Press of America, Lanham MD 2012, USA, ISBN 978-0-7618-5862-1 .
  17. ^ VT Nguyen, M. Breakspear, R. Cunnington: Reciprocal interactions of the SMA and cingulate cortex sustain pre-movement activity for voluntary actions. In: J Neurosci. 34, 2014, pp. 16397-16407.
  18. ↑ Lüder Deecke Homepage /
personal data
SURNAME Deecke, Lüder
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German neurologist, neuroscientist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1938
PLACE OF BIRTH Lohe-Rickelshof , Schleswig-Holstein