Dusters

Dusters
Bottle dusting ( Lycoperdon perlatum )
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : Agaricomycetidae Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales) Family : Mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae) Genre : Dusters
Scientific name
Lycoperdon
Tour. ex pers.

The puffballs ( Lycoperdon ) is a fungal genus of the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae). With the exception of the hare puff ( L. utriformis ), pebbles are divided into a sterile stem and a spore-producing head part. The name refers to the ripe fruit bodies , the spore dust inside of which evaporates in a clear cloud when touched or when pressure is applied.

features

The fruit bodies are more or less pear-shaped. A chambered, sterile part of the fruiting body ( subgleba ) can be found under the chambered basal part, which carries the spores and capillitium ( gleba ). After ripening, the mushrooms open with a hole at the top. The peridia , that is, the outer covering of the fruiting body, is double. The outer peridia is often prickly to warty, flaky.

ecology

The dusters are saprobiontic soil dwellers.

Systematics

The genus of the Stäublings earlier belonged to the now obsolete subclass of the belly mushrooms (Gastromycetidae) and there to the order Stäubling-like (Lycoperdales). Today it is assigned to the order mushroom-like (Agaricales) in the subclass Agaricomycetidae .

species

There are around 50 species worldwide. The following taxa are known or expected for Europe :

Puffballs ( Lycoperdon ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Hochgebirgs-Stäubling Lycoperdon altimontanum Gyro 1976 Purple-black dusting Lycoperdon atropurpureum Vittadini 1842 Schwänztsporiger dusting Lycoperdon caudatum J. Schröter in Cohn 1889 Chalk-white dusting Lycoperdon cretaceum Berkeley 1880 Steppe dusting Lycoperdon decipiens Durieu & Montagne in Durieu 1848 Tiny or dwarf dusting Lycoperdon dermoxanthum Vittadini 1842 Hedgehog dusting Lycoperdon echinatum Persoon 1797: Persoon 1801 Heide-Stäubling Lycoperdon ericaeum var.  Ericaeum Bonorden 1857 Lycoperdon ericaeum var.  Subareolatum (Roundabout 1962) Demoulin 1979 Lycoperdon estonicum Demoulin 1972 Bag dusting Lycoperdon excipuliforme (Scopoli 1772: Persoon 1801) Schaeffer 1774 Lycoperdon floccosum Lloyd 1905 Lycoperdon floridanum (AH Smith 1974) comb. prov. Dwarf willow dusting Lycoperdon frigidum Demoulin 1972 Dark brown dusting Lycoperdon lambinonii Demoulin 1972 Gray-brown grassland dusting Lycoperdon lividum Persoon 1809 Flake dusting Lycoperdon mammiforme described as " mammaeforme " Persoon 1801: Persoon 1801 Flaking dusting Lycoperdon marginatum Vittadini 1842 Soft dust Lycoperdon molle Persoon 1800: Persoon 1801 Smelly dusting Lycoperdon nigrescens Persoon 1794 Lycoperdon niveum 1969 roundabout Nordic dusting Lycoperdon norvegicum Demoulin 1971 Bottle dusting Lycoperdon perlatum Persoon 1796: Persoon 1801 Wiesen-Stäubling Lycoperdon pratense Persoon 1794: Persoon 1801 Rooting dusting Lycoperdon radicatum Durieu & Montagne in Durieu 1848 Fine-cracked dusting Lycoperdon rimulatum Peck in tart. ex Trelease 1889 Brown peat moss dusting Lycoperdon subincarnatum Peck 1872 Tatra dusting Lycoperdon turneri Ellis & Everhart 1885 Wrong umber dusting Lycoperdon umbrinoides Dissing & M. Lange 1962 Brown dusting Lycoperdon umbrinum Persoon 1797: Persoon 1801 Hare dusting Lycoperdon utriforme Bulliard 1790: Persoon 1801 Lycoperdon utriforme var.  Hungaricum (Hollós 1904) comb. prov.

• 

  Hedgehog dusting
  Lycoperdon echinatum

• 

  Dwarf willow
  stub Lycoperdon frigidum

• 

  Flake Puffball
  Lycoperdon mammiforme

• 

  Flaking dusting
  Lycoperdon marginatum

• 

  Soft dust
  Lycoperdon molle

• 

  Smelly dusting
  Lycoperdon nigrescens

• 

  Bottle dusting
  Lycoperdon perlatum

• 

  Brown peat moss
  dusting Lycoperdon subincarnatum

• 

  Brown
  dusting Lycoperdon umbrinum

See also

• Large dusters

swell

literature

• Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany, lower plants. 3rd edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2000, page 517-518, ISBN 3-8274-0655-2

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
2. ^ Andreas Gminder : Manual for mushroom collectors . Franckh – Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-11472-8 , p.  332 .
3. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Lycoperdon. In: Fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved October 7, 2013 .  

Web links

Commons : puffballs ( Lycoperdon )  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files