Mill wall

Mill wall Limbach municipality Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 55 ″ N , 12 ° 17 ′ 10 ″ E
Height :	362 m
Postal code :	08468
Area code :	03765
Location of Mühlwand in Saxony

Mühlwand is a district of the municipality Limbach in the Vogtlandkreis (Free State of Saxony ). The settlement was built in the 19th century on Limbacher Ortflur.

geography

location

Mühlwand is located in the northeast of the Limbach municipality. The place is in the east of the natural area Vogtland in the Saxon part of the historical Vogtland . Mühlwand is located in the middle Göltzschtal . While most of the settlement on "Mühlwander Berg" belongs to Limbach, the alum factory is in the corridor of the Reichenbach district of Rotschau and the Bünaumühle in the corridor of the district of Schneidbach, which is also part of Reichenbach.

Neighboring places

	Rotschau
Lauschgrün		Cutting Bach
Limbach		Buchwald

history

The settlement of Mühlwand on the old post road from Reichenbach in Vogtland to Plauen was first mentioned in a document at the beginning of the 19th century. In the list of localities of the offices of the Kingdom of Saxony from 1816, Mühlwand was first included in an official register. However, the buildings of the Bünau mill and the alum plant in the local area are already around 300 years older.

The Bünaumühle

North of the confluence of the Schneidbach in the Göltzsch and south of the current location of Mühlwand, the Bünau mill was built in 1495 by Günther von Bünau auf Elsterberg in the Schneidbacher Flur. It emerged from a medieval iron hammer and was used in the 17th century by farmers in the neighboring towns to grind their grain. In the 19th century, spinning machines were also installed in part of the mill. Around 1930, a turbine provided electrical energy. The Bünau mill is still in operation today, but the dilapidated mill wheel was demolished a few years ago.

Around 1500 gold and various other minerals were washed from the river deposits in the Göltzsch near the Bünaumühle. The gold wash was called the "Golden Phoenix".

The alum factory Mühlwand

Egersche Bridge (2018)

At the end of the 17th century, the mining of the Mühlwander alum slate began . In addition, the Reichenbacher Bergmeister Paul Döring received an electoral license in 1691. Furthermore, he was allowed to operate an alum , vitriol and sulfur works on Rotschauer Flur. This smelted the alum slate into alum salt, which is why the Mühlwand settlement, which was founded near the plant in the 19th century, is popularly known as "the Hütt". In 1765 the alum factory came to the Elector of Saxony, who had it run by tenants. The plant's facilities were renewed by 1800. In 1806 Napoleonic troops crossed the Göltzsch near the alum works on their way to Prussia and Thuringia. Napoleon himself passed the road on May 16, 1812 and again on August 13, 1813. In 1826 the tunnels and shafts of the alum plant were gradually closed. The alum slack from smelting was mixed in powdered form with the mortar during the construction of the Göltzschtal bridge (1846–1851).

After the boiler was dismantled and the factory was sold to the butcher Benjamin Rahmig, the building was opened as an inn in 1827. After the fire in 1853, the restaurant "Zum Alaunwerk" was built in place of the former hut and now an inn. The slate heaps were mined from 1914 by the Mylau entrepreneur Franz Leska for sand extraction.

In 1928 the Greiz teacher Leander Macht first pointed out the possibility that similar attractions could be hidden in the former Mühlwander alum mine as in the Saalfeld fairy grottoes . The heavy flood of 1954 exposed the closed tunnel entrances for the first time, revealing the stalactites . The first work to develop the mine had to be stopped after a few years. After the stalactites were found again in 1995, it was expanded to become the “Alaunwerk Mühlwand visitor mine”. Three years later, in 1998, the "Stalactite Grotto Alaunwerk Mühlwand-Reichenbach eV" association was founded. Furthermore, the silted up tunnels and shafts were laboriously cleared. The visitor mine was opened on September 21, 2001. Since then, the alum works festival has been celebrated every year in September. The former inn "Zum Alaunwerk" was demolished in 2004.

The Mühlwand settlement

Former Mühlwand stop, now used as a car park (2017)

The Mühlwand settlement on the old Poststrasse from Reichenbach to Plauen is much younger than the Bünau mill and the alum factory. The place on Mühlwander Berg was first mentioned in 1816. It was created on Limbacher Flur directly on the adjoining corridors of the towns of Rotschau and Schneidbach, which has resulted in various political and ecclesiastical affiliations of the individual parts of Mühlwand (settlement, Bünau mill and former alum factory). The Mühlwand alum plant, which has been in operation since 1691, gave the place the popular name “de Hütt”. It was closed in 1826. Favorable water and road conditions led to the settlement of industrial companies in the 19th century. The "worsted spinning mill JG Glass jun., Reichenbach" was founded in 1854. In 1947 it was renamed "Vogtland wool yarn spinning mill". In 1965 it ceased operations.

Between 1903 and 1966, Mühlwand had a stop on the Lengenfeld – Göltzschtalbrücke railway line . From there the worsted spinning mill had a siding. Between 1921 and 1981, the “Mühlwander hill climb” from the Alaunwerk to the “Black Table” took place. In 2004 this tradition was revived with historic racing cars and motorcycles.

Until 1856 Mühlwand belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Plauen . In 1856 the settlement in the Limbacher Flur was affiliated to the Treuen court office and in 1875 to the Auerbach administration . As a result of the first district reform in the GDR , the Mühlwand settlement came to the Plauen district as part of the Limbach community in 1950 , but became the Reichenbach district in the Chemnitz district as a result of the second district reform in the GDR in 1952 (1953 in the Karl-Marx-Stadt district renamed) affiliated. From 1990 Mühlwand belonged to the Saxon district of Reichenbach and since 1996 to the Vogtland district. The alum factory on Rotschauer Flur and the Bünaumühle on Schneidbacher Flur, however, came through the incorporation of the towns into the town of Reichenbach in the Vogtland.

traffic

Former bus stop Mühlwand, residential building (2017)

Between 1903 and 1966 Mühlwand had a stop on the Lengenfeld – Göltzschtalbrücke railway line . A bike path has been running along the former route since 1999. The former area of the station is now used as a parking lot. Only the house of the railway employee still reminds of the former stop.

Attractions

Alum factory Mühlwand

Web links

Commons : Mühlwand - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Mühlwand in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Mühlwand on gov.genealogy.net
The locations of the Vogtlandkreis in the Vogtlandkreis geoportal
History of Mühlwand on a private website from Lauschgrün
Chronicle of the alum factory Mühlwand
History of Mühlwand, the Bünaumühle and the alum factory on Dieter Käppel's private website

Individual evidence

↑ List of localities of the offices of the Kingdom of Saxony according to the district division from 1816 , manuscript around 1894, p. 58, quoted from: Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Ed.): Historisches Ortsnamebuch von Sachsen. Volume II: MZ. (= Sources and research on Saxon history. Volume 21). Edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , p. 64 ( link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library , page cannot be accessed directly, enter the page number). Explanations, abbreviations and the cited literature can be found here: Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther (Hrsg.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen, Volume III - Apparat und Register. (= Sources and research on Saxon history. Volume 21). Edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 (link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library)

↑ Die Bünaumühle on a private website by Dieter Käppel, p. 3 ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Gold washing in the Göltzschtal on a private website by Dieter Käppel ( memento of the original from August 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Website of the Vogtland Gold Museum in Buchwald
^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 76 f.
^ The Auerbach administration in the municipality register 1900
↑ Website of the alum works Mühlwand

[1] List of localities of the offices of the Kingdom of Saxony according to the district division from 1816 , manuscript around 1894, p. 58, quoted from: Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Ed.): Historisches Ortsnamebuch von Sachsen. Volume II: MZ. (= Sources and research on Saxon history. Volume 21). Edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , p. 64 ( link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library , page cannot be accessed directly, enter the page number). Explanations, abbreviations and the cited literature can be found here: Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther (Hrsg.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen, Volume III - Apparat und Register. (= Sources and research on Saxon history. Volume 21). Edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 (link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library)