Bavarian State Orchestra

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The Bavarian State Orchestra is the orchestra of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich and one of the oldest and most renowned orchestras in the world. It is one of the best German orchestras and is considered one of the best opera orchestras ever. It is the only orchestra in Munich that operates as an opera and concert orchestra.

history

The orchestra's roots go back to 1523, when Ludwig Senfl became head of the Munich choir . From 1563, Orlando di Lasso, appointed by Duke Albrecht V, was director of the Munich court music and thus the Munich court orchestra whose main task for almost a century was the formation of church music .

From 1651, operas were also regularly performed in Munich , initially in a converted grain hall, in which the court orchestra took part as an opera orchestra. In 1653 the first opera was performed in the St. George's Hall of the Munich residence Giovanni Battista Maccionis L'Arpa festante . Elector Max Emanuel summoned Agostino Steffani to his court in 1680 and appointed him chamber music director in 1681, who composed the music for operas, ballets, carnival jokes and tournaments; In 1686 he became Munich court orchestra leader and, until his honorable dismissal in 1688, earned numerous performances of Italian operas.

From 1737 Giovanni Porta worked as court conductor at the court of Elector Karl Albrecht until the end of his life . After his death in 1755, Andrea Bernasconi took over his position. In 1762 the orchestra was given the name Hoforchester - since the abolition of the monarchy in Bavaria in 1918 it has had its current name. From the mid-1970s onwards, the court orchestra was drawn into the opera service that had existed since then. In 1778, Elector Karl II. Theodor brought 33 musicians from his former Mannheim court orchestra to Munich and expanded the court orchestra with them and 32 selected Munich members on October 1, 1778. In 1784 Franz Paul Grua and Georg Joseph Vogler took over the post of court conductor with equal rights.

In 1811 eleven musicians from what was now the Bavarian Royal Court Orchestra founded the Musical Academy .

Even during the reign of King Max I , the court orchestra had to play in the church, at the table and in the chamber as well as in the theater. Under King Ludwig I , Franz Lachner was appointed as the first general music director in 1836 .

King Ludwig II's admiration for Richard Wagner led to the premieres of the operas Tristan and Isolde on June 10, 1865 and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg on June 21, 1868, both conducted by Hofkapellmeister Hans von Bülow , and Das Rheingold on September 22, 1869 and Die Walküre on June 26, 1870, both directed by Franz Wüllner .

Hermann Levi was general music director from 1872 to 1896, followed by the most important conductors of their time: Richard Strauss , Felix Mottl , Bruno Walter , Hans Knappertsbusch , Clemens Krauss , Georg Solti , Rudolf Kempe , Ferenc Fricsay , Joseph Keilberth , Wolfgang Sawallisch , Zubin Mehta , Kent Nagano and, since September 1, 2013, Kirill Petrenko .

The State Orchestra maintained close relationships with many internationally known conductors, including Zubin Mehta , but most closely with Carlos Kleiber . His comparatively frequent conducting between 1968 and 1997 were regarded by many critics and music lovers as great moments.

On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Musical Academy , the self-governing concert ensemble within the State Orchestra, the Chamber Orchestra of the Bavarian State Orchestra was founded in 2011 from among its ranks .

Further remarks

The Bavarian State Orchestra had an untroubled relationship with Carlos Kleiber , who worked at the State Opera for a long time. The Bavarian State Orchestra was allowed to take him on a tour of Japan, which was a great success. Nowhere did Kleiber feel more at home than with the Bavarian State Orchestra. This is also proven by his legendary opera performances. Kleiber was a permanent guest conductor at the Bavarian State Opera from 1968 to 1988.

Members formed the Munich Opera Horns ensemble .

literature

  • Hubertus Bolongaro-Crevenna: L 'Arpa Festante. The Munich Opera 1651-1825. From the beginning to Freyschützen. Callwey publishing house, Munich 1963.
  • Stephan duty: Elector Carl Theodor von der Pfalz and his importance for the development of the German theater. The establishment of the Mannheim and Munich National Theaters in the context of Wittelsbach's cultural and educational policy in the Age of Enlightenment. Ehresmann Verlag, Reichling / Obb. 1976.
  • Hans-Joachim Nösselt: One of the oldest orchestras 1530–1980. 450 years of the Bavarian Court and State Orchestra. Bruckmann Verlag, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7654-1789-0 .
  • Theodor Göllner, Bernhold Schmid (ed.): The Munich court orchestra of the 16th century in a European context. Report on the international symposium of the Music History Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in conjunction with the Society for Bavarian Music History. Munich, 2-4. August 2004. Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-7696-0965-3 .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State orchestra again “Orchestra of the year” . in: Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 29, 2016, accessed on August 8, 2017.
    “The annual issue of the specialist journal Opernwelt has been published. And again - for the third time in a row - in a survey of 50 music critics in Europe, the Bavarian State Orchestra has the most votes ... "
  2. ^ Kerry Christiani, Marc Di Duca: Munich Bavaria & the Black Forest. Lonely Planet Travel Guide. 5th edition. Lonely Planet Publications, Melbourne 2016, ISBN 978-1-74321-105-2 .
    "One of the world's best opera companies ..."
  3. Bayerisches Staatsorchester named “Orchestra of the Year” by Deutschlandfunk Kultur. Deutschlandfunk Kultur , contribution from May 23, 2017, accessed on August 8, 2017.
    "The national radio is honoring the musical excellence, the performance culture and the outstanding concert dramaturgy of the ensemble of the Bavarian State Opera."