Madonna in the Green
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| Madonna in the Green |
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| Raffael Santi , 1505-1506 |
| Oil on poplar wood |
| 113 × 88 cm |
| Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien , Vienna |
The Madonna in the Green (Madonna del Prato) is a portrait of the Virgin Mary by Raphael from the 16th century . It is located in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna . It was created between 1505 and 1506. The large-format painting, 113 × 88.5 cm, is painted in oil on poplar wood. It is also known as the Belvedere Madonna. Raffael painted two other paintings with a similar motif: the Madonna with the Goldfinch (1505–1506, exhibited in Florence ) and The Beautiful Gardener (1507–1508, exhibited in the Louvre ). The Madonna in the Green is the earliest painting of the three pictures of Mary from the Florentine period.
The work
A group of figures, consisting of Mary and the children Jesus and John , forms a format-filling triangular composition . The group structure has a very broad base due to the children and Mary's right foot , which tapers to Mary's head. The figure of the baby Jesus is placed almost in the middle of the picture. To his left is Johannes kneeling.
Mary is seated raised, possibly on a rock. The two children are at her feet. She has blond hair combed back and braided, and above her head there is a wafer-thin golden circle as a symbol of a halo . She wears a red, fitted dress with a border at the neckline. A flowing blue scarf or coat with a golden border and a golden border falls from her shoulders, encloses her knees and forms a contrast to the dress. Maria turns her upper body slightly to the right down to the children. Your hands support and guide Jesus towards the elder John as he takes his first steps. He hands Jesus a cross stick , which can be seen as a toy and at the same time as a sign of his passion . Jesus takes it playfully. Both children each wear a halo.
The group is embedded in a fantastic lake landscape with various plants and a city view with a castle on a mountain. The colors are composed of olive green in the foreground, fading towards pale blue from the horizon and sky. The strawberry plant ( Fragaria ) with fruits on the lower wheel belongs to the rose family and symbolizes the virtues of Mary. These are concretized by the daisy ( Bellis perennis ) on the lower left edge of the picture, which embodies the attributes of purity and modesty. In Christian iconography, the red poppy symbolizes the shed blood of Christ, the passion, the resurrection and eternal life due to its cruciform stamp in the flower and its red color . At the top, the picture is completed on the left and right by clouds, which open in the middle to the blue of the sky and catch the upper body of Mary.
- Selection of further depictions of the Madonna by Raphael
Madonna del Granduca 1506
Madonna with the Goldfinch 1505–1506
The beautiful gardener 1507–1508
Madonna Tempi 1508
interpretation
The direction the two children look towards each other and the loving gaze of Mary testify to the deep affection of the three people. Nevertheless, the picture goes far beyond a genre representation of a mother-child scene. “It is only the purest beauty of women and children that awakens the thought of the supernatural. Art has… reached the height where its figures appear by themselves and without any ingredients as something eternal and divine. ”The figures are also set in a seemingly timeless landscape in which heaven and earth enter into a silent dialogue with one another. Painted in the technique of Leonardo Da Vinci's sfumato . Religion, emotion and nature represented as a unit make this work an "icon of the new spirit of the Renaissance ".
The special plasticity of this group of figures suggests that Raphael wanted to take a stand for painting in the “ Competition of the Arts ”.
Provenance
According to Vasari , the Madonna in the Green was a gift from Raphael to the patrician Taddeo Taddi from Florence. Taddi's heirs sold the painting to Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria in 1662 . The picture then came to the Imperial Belvedere Gallery in 1773 .
literature
- Georg Kauffmann : Propylaea art history. The art of the 16th century. Berlin 1990, p. 14 ff.
- Wolfgang Schad (Ed.): The Madonnas of Rafael Santi Von Urbino. Raffael Verlag, Ittingen 2008.
- Wibke von Bonin (Ed.): 100 masterpieces from the museums of the world. Volume 2. Cologne 1986.
- Oskar Fischel : Santi (Sanzio), Raffaello . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 29 : Rosa – Scheffauer . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1935, p. 432-446 (here p. 435).
- Christof Thoenes : Raffael 1483-1520. The invention of the High Renaissance. Taschen, Cologne 2016.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mario Dal Bello: Raffael Madonna Pictures . 1st edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2593-7 , pp. 48 .
- ^ A b Anton Springer : Raffael and Michelangelo . In: Robert Dohme (Ed.): Art and Artists of Italy . tape 2 . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1887, p. 75 .
- ↑ Engelbert Kirschbaum (Ed.): Lexicon of Christian Iconography . tape 4 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2015, p. 620 .
- ↑ Flowers and their meaning for the church. Retrieved February 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Poppy in the fine arts - a plant between dream and death. January 26, 2003, accessed February 10, 2020 .
- ^ Jacob Burckhardt : The Cicerone . 3. Edition. EA Seemann, Leipzig 1874, p. 992 .
- ↑ Madonna in the Green. Retrieved February 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Madonna in the Green. Retrieved February 9, 2020 .
- ^ Giorgio Vasari: Life descriptions of the excellent painters, sculptors and architects of the Renaissance . Ed .: Ernst Jaffé. Julius Bard, Berlin 1910, p. 287 .
- ^ Artur Rosenauer : Raffael The Madonna in the Green . In: Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien (Ed.): The masterpiece . tape 2 . Vienna.